महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-186, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः स पुनरेवाथ मार्कण्डेयं यशस्विनम् ।
पप्रच्छ विनयोपेतो धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ sa punarevātha mārkaṇḍeyaṁ yaśasvinam ,
papraccha vinayopeto dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ saḥ punaḥ eva atha mārkaṇḍeyam
yaśasvinam papraccha vinayopetaḥ dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, King Yudhiṣṭhira, the monarch of righteousness (dharma) and filled with humility, again indeed questioned the glorious Mārkaṇḍeya.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke (referring to Vaiśampāyana) (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, therefore, thereupon)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (he, that)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• अथ (atha) - then (now, then, moreover)

• मार्कण्डेयम् (mārkaṇḍeyam) - Mārkaṇḍeya (the sage being addressed) (Mārkaṇḍeya)

• यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious (describing Mārkaṇḍeya) (glorious, famous, renowned)

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked, inquired (by Yudhiṣṭhira) (asked, inquired)

• विनयोपेतः (vinayopetaḥ) - endowed with humility (describing Yudhiṣṭhira) (endowed with humility, humble)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King of righteousness (dharma) (a title for Yudhiṣṭhira) (king of dharma (natural law/righteousness))

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava, the questioner) (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke (referring to Vaiśampāyana) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From √vac (to speak).

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, therefore, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for emphasis.

अथ (atha) - then (now, then, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating the beginning of a new topic or sequence.

मार्कण्डेयम् (mārkaṇḍeyam) - Mārkaṇḍeya (the sage being addressed) (Mārkaṇḍeya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - name of a sage

Note: Object of 'papraccha'.

यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious (describing Mārkaṇḍeya) (glorious, famous, renowned)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, renowned, distinguished

From yaśas (glory) + -vin suffix

Note: Agrees with 'mārkaṇḍeyam'.

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked, inquired (by Yudhiṣṭhira) (asked, inquired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of prach

Perfect Active

3rd singular perfect active of √prach

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: From √prach (to ask).

विनयोपेतः (vinayopetaḥ) - endowed with humility (describing Yudhiṣṭhira) (endowed with humility, humble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinayopeta

vinayopeta - endowed with humility, humble

Compound type : tatpurusha (vinaya+upeta)

• vinaya – humility, modesty, good conduct
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-√nī (to lead away, to train)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: nī (class 1)
• upeta – endowed with, possessed of, approached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of upa-√i (to go to, approach)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King of righteousness (dharma) (a title for Yudhiṣṭhira) (king of dharma (natural law/righteousness))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of dharma

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to support, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava, the questioner) (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira

From yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'papraccha'.