महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-186, verse-71

ततस्ते जलदा घोरा राविणः पुरुषर्षभ ।
सर्वतः प्लावयन्त्याशु चोदिताः परमेष्ठिना ॥७१॥

71. tataste jaladā ghorā rāviṇaḥ puruṣarṣabha ,
sarvataḥ plāvayantyāśu coditāḥ parameṣṭhinā.

71. tataḥ te jaladāḥ ghorāḥ rāviṇaḥ puruṣarṣabha
sarvataḥ plāvayanti āśu coditāḥ parameṣṭhinā

71. Then those terrible, roaring clouds, O best among men (puruṣarṣabha), swiftly inundate everything on all sides, impelled by the Supreme Being (parameṣṭhin).

71. אז אותם עננים נוראים, השואגים, הו נבחר בני האדם, ישטפו הכול במהירות מכל עבר, כשהם מונעים על ידי פַּרַמֵשְׁתְהִין (בְּרַהְמָה).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• ते (te) - those

• जलदाः (jaladāḥ) - clouds (lit. water-givers)

• घोराः (ghorāḥ) - terrible, dreadful, awful

• राविणः (rāviṇaḥ) - roaring, shouting, sounding

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O foremost of men

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - everywhere, on all sides, from all sides

• प्लावयन्ति (plāvayanti) - they flood, they inundate, they cause to float

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - impelled, urged, directed, commanded

• परमेष्ठिना (parameṣṭhinā) - by the Supreme Being (parameṣṭhin) (by the Supreme Being, by the highest one, by Brahmā)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agreeing with `jaladāḥ`.

जलदाः (jaladāḥ) - clouds (lit. water-givers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jalada

jalada - cloud, water-giver

Formed from `jala` (water) and `da` (giving).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+da)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, bestowing
  adjective
  Agent noun from root `dā` (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of `plāvayanti`.

घोराः (ghorāḥ) - terrible, dreadful, awful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, frightful, awful

Note: Agreeing with `jaladāḥ`.

राविणः (rāviṇaḥ) - roaring, shouting, sounding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rāvin

rāvin - roaring, yelling, crying, sounding

Agent noun from root `ru`

Formed from root `ru` (to roar, sound) with suffix `in`.

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Agreeing with `jaladāḥ`.

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O foremost of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, best among men, chief of men

Compound. `puruṣa` (man) + `ṛṣabha` (bull, best).

Compound type : upami-samāsa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to the listener.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - everywhere, on all sides, from all sides

(indeclinable)

Avyaya from `sarva` with suffix `tas`.

प्लावयन्ति (plāvayanti) - they flood, they inundate, they cause to float

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of plāv

Present Active Indicative (causative)

Causative form of root `plu`.

Root: plu (class 1)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - impelled, urged, directed, commanded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codita

codita - impelled, urged, sent, commanded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `cud` (to urge, impel) in causative.

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Agreeing with `jaladāḥ`.

परमेष्ठिना (parameṣṭhinā) - by the Supreme Being (parameṣṭhin) (by the Supreme Being, by the highest one, by Brahmā)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parameṣṭhin

parameṣṭhin - standing in the highest place, Supreme Being, creator (Brahmā)

Compound: `parama` (highest) + derivative from `sthā` (to stand).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+sthā)

• parama – highest, supreme, best, ultimate
  adjective
  Superlative form of `para`.
• sthā – to stand, to be, to abide
  root
  Derivative suffix -in
  The `ṣṭhin` ending is indicative of a derivative from `sthā`.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive participle `coditāḥ`.

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