महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-186, verse-41

मिथ्या च नखरोमाणि धारयन्ति नरास्तदा ।
अर्थलोभान्नरव्याघ्र वृथा च ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥४१॥

41. mithyā ca nakharomāṇi dhārayanti narāstadā ,
arthalobhānnaravyāghra vṛthā ca brahmacāriṇaḥ.

41. mithyā ca nakharomāṇi dhārayanti narāḥ tadā
arthalobhāt naravyāghra vṛthā ca brahmacāriṇaḥ

41. Then, O tiger among men, people deceptively keep their nails and hair long, and celibate students (brahmacāriṇaḥ) do so in vain, motivated by greed for wealth.

Words meanings summery:

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - deceptively (falsely, wrongly, in vain, deceptively)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• नखरोमाणि (nakharomāṇi) - nails and hair (kept long as a sign of asceticism) (nails and hair)

• धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they keep (long), they maintain (they bear, they hold, they keep, they wear, they maintain)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (in general) (men, people)

• तदा (tadā) - then (referring to the age being described, kali yuga) (then, at that time)

• अर्थलोभात् (arthalobhāt) - motivated by greed for wealth (from greed for wealth, due to covetousness for money)

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men (an address to the listener, Bhārata/Janamejaya in Mahābhārata context) (O tiger among men, O foremost of men)

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly, falsely)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• ब्रह्मचारिणः (brahmacāriṇaḥ) - celibate students (brahmacāriṇaḥ), religious students or ascetics who observe celibacy (celibate students, religious students, ascetics)

Words meanings and morphology

मिथ्या (mithyā) - deceptively (falsely, wrongly, in vain, deceptively)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

नखरोमाणि (nakharomāṇi) - nails and hair (kept long as a sign of asceticism) (nails and hair)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nakharoman

nakharoman - nails and hair

dvandva compound of nakha (nail) and roman (hair)

Compound type : dvandva (nakha+roman)

• nakha – nail, claw
  noun (masculine)
• roman – hair (on the body), bristles
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used here in the accusative plural.

धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they keep (long), they maintain (they bear, they hold, they keep, they wear, they maintain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dhṛ

causative present active 3rd plural

Causative stem dhāraya- from root dhṛ.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

नराः (narāḥ) - people (in general) (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

तदा (tadā) - then (referring to the age being described, kali yuga) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

derived from pronominal base tad

अर्थलोभात् (arthalobhāt) - motivated by greed for wealth (from greed for wealth, due to covetousness for money)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of arthalobha

arthalobha - greed for wealth, covetousness of money

tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+lobha)

• artha – aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, property
  noun (masculine)
• lobha – greed, covetousness, avarice, desire
  noun (masculine)

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men (an address to the listener, Bhārata/Janamejaya in Mahābhārata context) (O tiger among men, O foremost of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, excellent man, foremost of men

tatpurusha compound, often used as a simile (e.g., puruṣavyāghra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly, falsely)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्मचारिणः (brahmacāriṇaḥ) - celibate students (brahmacāriṇaḥ), religious students or ascetics who observe celibacy (celibate students, religious students, ascetics)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - one who observes celibacy, religious student, ascetic

Compound: brahman (vedic scripture/truth) + cārin (practitioner, follower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – sacred utterance, Veda, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – moving, going, performing, practicing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun derived from verb 'car'
  Derived from root car (to move, walk, act, perform)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: The ḥ ending indicates nominative plural masculine.