महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-186, verse-41

मिथ्या च नखरोमाणि धारयन्ति नरास्तदा ।
अर्थलोभान्नरव्याघ्र वृथा च ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥४१॥

41. mithyā ca nakharomāṇi dhārayanti narāstadā ,
arthalobhānnaravyāghra vṛthā ca brahmacāriṇaḥ.

41. mithyā ca nakharomāṇi dhārayanti narāḥ tadā
arthalobhāt naravyāghra vṛthā ca brahmacāriṇaḥ

41. Then, O tiger among men, people deceptively keep their nails and hair long, and celibate students (brahmacāriṇaḥ) do so in vain, motivated by greed for wealth.

41. הו אדם דגול, מתוך חמדת רווח אנשים באותה עת יגדלו ציפורניים ושיער לשם הצגה כוזבת, ויעמידו פני שומרי פרישות לשווא.

Words meanings summery:

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - deceptively (falsely, wrongly, in vain, deceptively)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• नखरोमाणि (nakharomāṇi) - nails and hair (kept long as a sign of asceticism) (nails and hair)

• धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they keep (long), they maintain (they bear, they hold, they keep, they wear, they maintain)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (in general) (men, people)

• तदा (tadā) - then (referring to the age being described, kali yuga) (then, at that time)

• अर्थलोभात् (arthalobhāt) - motivated by greed for wealth (from greed for wealth, due to covetousness for money)

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men (an address to the listener, Bhārata/Janamejaya in Mahābhārata context) (O tiger among men, O foremost of men)

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly, falsely)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• ब्रह्मचारिणः (brahmacāriṇaḥ) - celibate students (brahmacāriṇaḥ), religious students or ascetics who observe celibacy (celibate students, religious students, ascetics)

Words meanings and morphology

मिथ्या (mithyā) - deceptively (falsely, wrongly, in vain, deceptively)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

नखरोमाणि (nakharomāṇi) - nails and hair (kept long as a sign of asceticism) (nails and hair)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nakharoman

nakharoman - nails and hair

dvandva compound of nakha (nail) and roman (hair)

Compound type : dvandva (nakha+roman)

• nakha – nail, claw
  noun (masculine)
• roman – hair (on the body), bristles
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used here in the accusative plural.

धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they keep (long), they maintain (they bear, they hold, they keep, they wear, they maintain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dhṛ

causative present active 3rd plural

Causative stem dhāraya- from root dhṛ.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

नराः (narāḥ) - people (in general) (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

तदा (tadā) - then (referring to the age being described, kali yuga) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

derived from pronominal base tad

अर्थलोभात् (arthalobhāt) - motivated by greed for wealth (from greed for wealth, due to covetousness for money)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of arthalobha

arthalobha - greed for wealth, covetousness of money

tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+lobha)

• artha – aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, property
  noun (masculine)
• lobha – greed, covetousness, avarice, desire
  noun (masculine)

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men (an address to the listener, Bhārata/Janamejaya in Mahābhārata context) (O tiger among men, O foremost of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, excellent man, foremost of men

tatpurusha compound, often used as a simile (e.g., puruṣavyāghra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly, falsely)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्मचारिणः (brahmacāriṇaḥ) - celibate students (brahmacāriṇaḥ), religious students or ascetics who observe celibacy (celibate students, religious students, ascetics)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - one who observes celibacy, religious student, ascetic

Compound: brahman (vedic scripture/truth) + cārin (practitioner, follower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – sacred utterance, Veda, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – moving, going, performing, practicing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun derived from verb 'car'
  Derived from root car (to move, walk, act, perform)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: The ḥ ending indicates nominative plural masculine.

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