महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-186, verse-100

वैश्याः कृषिं यथान्यायं कारयन्ति नराधिप ।
शुश्रूषायां च निरता द्विजानां वृषलास्तथा ॥१००॥

100. vaiśyāḥ kṛṣiṁ yathānyāyaṁ kārayanti narādhipa ,
śuśrūṣāyāṁ ca niratā dvijānāṁ vṛṣalāstathā.

100. vaiśyāḥ kṛṣim yathānyāyam kārayanti narādhipa
śuśrūṣāyām ca niratāḥ dvijānām vṛṣalāḥ tathā

100. O king, Vaishyas properly carry out agriculture, and similarly, Shudras are devoted to the service of the twice-born.

Words meanings summery:

• वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaishyas (members of the merchant/farmer class)

• कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture, farming

• यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - according to justice, properly, rightly

• कारयन्ति (kārayanti) - they cause to be done, they practice, they carry out

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men, O king

• शुश्रूषायाम् (śuśrūṣāyām) - in service, in attendance

• च (ca) - and, also

• निरताः (niratāḥ) - devoted, engaged in

• द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - of the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas)

• वृषलाः (vṛṣalāḥ) - Shudras (members of the laborer class)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus, also

Words meanings and morphology

वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaishyas (members of the merchant/farmer class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - Vaishya, member of the merchant or farmer class

Note: Subject of 'kārayanti'.

कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture, farming

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣi

kṛṣi - agriculture, cultivation, farming

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kārayanti'.

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - according to justice, properly, rightly

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)

• yathā – as, according to, in what manner
  indeclinable
• nyāya – justice, rule, method, logic
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: ni+ā
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Adverb modifying 'kārayanti'.

कारयन्ति (kārayanti) - they cause to be done, they practice, they carry out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

causative present active

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice, parasmaipada. Causative stem 'kāraya'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

शुश्रूषायाम् (śuśrūṣāyām) - in service, in attendance

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śuśrūṣā

śuśrūṣā - desire to hear, obedience, service, attendance

desiderative verbal noun

from desiderative stem of root 'śru' (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Denotes the sphere of devotion.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निरताः (niratāḥ) - devoted, engaged in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirata

nirata - devoted to, engaged in, attached to

past passive participle

from root 'ram' with upasarga 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: ram (class 1)

द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - of the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, bird, tooth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix/adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  from root 'jan'
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: In relation to 'śuśrūṣāyām'.

वृषलाः (vṛṣalāḥ) - Shudras (members of the laborer class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣala

vṛṣala - Shudra, a member of the lowest social class

Note: Subject of an implied verb (e.g., 'bhavanti' - are).

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus, also

(indeclinable)