मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-93
तिष्ठेच्च शासने तेषां श्रेयस्कामो द्विजोत्तमः ।
न च तान् विवदेद्वीमानाक्रुष्टश्चापि तैः सदा ॥९३॥
न च तान् विवदेद्वीमानाक्रुष्टश्चापि तैः सदा ॥९३॥
93. tiṣṭhecca śāsane teṣāṃ śreyaskāmo dvijottamaḥ .
na ca tān vivadedvīmānākruṣṭaścāpi taiḥ sadā.
na ca tān vivadedvīmānākruṣṭaścāpi taiḥ sadā.
93.
tiṣṭhet ca śāsane teṣām śreyaskāmaḥ dvijottamaḥ na
ca tān vivadet dhīmān ākruṣṭaḥ ca api taiḥ sadā
ca tān vivadet dhīmān ākruṣṭaḥ ca api taiḥ sadā
93.
And the wise Brahmin (dvijottama) who desires welfare should always abide by their instructions. He should not quarrel with them, even if he is always abused by them.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - he should stay, he should abide, he should follow
- च (ca) - and, also
- शासने (śāsane) - in the command, in the instruction, in the rule
- तेषाम् (teṣām) - Referring to the honored persons mentioned in the previous verse (dvijān, ṛtvigādīn, etc.). (of them, their)
- श्रेयस्कामः (śreyaskāmaḥ) - desirous of welfare, desiring ultimate good
- द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the best of Brahmins (dvija)
- न (na) - not
- च (ca) - and, also
- तान् (tān) - Referring to the honored persons mentioned in the previous verse. (them)
- विवदेत् (vivadet) - he should dispute, he should quarrel, he should argue
- धीमान् (dhīmān) - the wise one, the intelligent one
- आक्रुष्टः (ākruṣṭaḥ) - abused, insulted, reviled
- च (ca) - and, also
- अपि (api) - even, also, even if
- तैः (taiḥ) - Referring to the honored persons mentioned in the previous verse. (by them)
- सदा (sadā) - always, ever
Words meanings and morphology
तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - he should stay, he should abide, he should follow
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of sthā
Optative Mood
Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, optative.
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: The subject is 'dvijottamaḥ'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
Note: Connects this verse's advice with the previous one.
शासने (śāsane) - in the command, in the instruction, in the rule
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śāsana
śāsana - command, instruction, rule, teaching, government
From root śās (to command, instruct).
Root: śās (class 2)
Note: Object of 'tiṣṭhet' (abide in).
तेषाम् (teṣām) - Referring to the honored persons mentioned in the previous verse (dvijān, ṛtvigādīn, etc.). (of them, their)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Possessive, referring to 'śāsane'.
श्रेयस्कामः (śreyaskāmaḥ) - desirous of welfare, desiring ultimate good
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śreyaskāma
śreyaskāma - desirous of welfare, wishing for good fortune or prosperity
Compound. 'kāma' (desirous) from root kam (to desire).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śreyas+kāma)
- śreyas – welfare, prosperity, ultimate good, superiority
noun (neuter)
Comparative form of śrī. - kāma – desire, wish, love, desirous of
adjective/noun (masculine)
From root kam (to desire).
Root: kam (class 1)
Note: Qualifies the subject, dvijottama.
द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the best of Brahmins (dvija)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijottama
dvijottama - best among the twice-born (dvija), an excellent Brahmin
Compound. uttama (best) added to dvija.
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)
- dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), Brahmin, bird, tooth
noun (masculine)
Compound dvī (twice) + ja (born).
Root: jan (class 4) - uttama – best, highest, excellent, supreme
adjective (masculine)
Superlative of ud.
Note: The wise Brahmin (dvijottama) is the implicit agent.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
Negative particle.
Note: Negates 'vivadet'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
Note: Connects the two parts of the sentence.
तान् (tān) - Referring to the honored persons mentioned in the previous verse. (them)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Direct object of 'vivadet'.
विवदेत् (vivadet) - he should dispute, he should quarrel, he should argue
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of vad
Optative Mood
Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, optative. With prefix vi-.
Prefix: vi
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: The subject is 'dhīmān'.
धीमान् (dhīmān) - the wise one, the intelligent one
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat
dhīmat - wise, intelligent, learned, sagacious
From dhī (intellect) + -mat (possessing).
Note: Here used substantively, qualifying the implied subject (dvijottama).
आक्रुष्टः (ākruṣṭaḥ) - abused, insulted, reviled
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ākruṣṭa
ākruṣṭa - abused, reviled, insulted, cried out to
Past Passive Participle
From ā-kruś (to cry out, abuse).
Prefix: ā
Root: kruś (class 1)
Note: Denotes a condition: 'even if abused'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
Note: Connects 'ākruṣṭaḥ' with 'api'.
अपि (api) - even, also, even if
(indeclinable)
Conjunction/particle.
Note: Intensifies the conditional meaning 'even if abused'.
तैः (taiḥ) - Referring to the honored persons mentioned in the previous verse. (by them)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Agent of 'ākruṣṭaḥ'.
सदा (sadā) - always, ever
(indeclinable)
Adverb of time.
Note: Modifies 'ākruṣṭaḥ'.