मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-28
उपगातादृते दोषं नान्यस्योदीरयेद् बुधः ।
प्रत्यक्षलवणं वर्ज्यमन्नमत्युष्णमेव च ॥२८॥
प्रत्यक्षलवणं वर्ज्यमन्नमत्युष्णमेव च ॥२८॥
28. upagātādṛte doṣaṃ nānyasyodīrayed budhaḥ .
pratyakṣalavaṇaṃ varjyamannamatyuṣṇameva ca.
pratyakṣalavaṇaṃ varjyamannamatyuṣṇameva ca.
28.
upagātāt ṛte doṣam na anyasya udīrayet budhaḥ
pratyakṣalavaṇam varjyam annam ati-uṣṇam eva ca
pratyakṣalavaṇam varjyam annam ati-uṣṇam eva ca
28.
A wise person (budha) should not speak of a fault in another, except concerning the one serving the food. Food with visible salt (salt added directly) should be avoided, and so should excessively hot food.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- उपगातात् (upagātāt) - the person serving the food (from the one who has approached, from the server)
- ऋते (ṛte) - except, without, apart from
- दोषम् (doṣam) - a mistake or imperfection in the food or service (fault, defect, error)
- न (na) - not, no
- अन्यस्य (anyasya) - refers to another individual's shortcomings (of another, of another person)
- उदीरयेत् (udīrayet) - should criticize or point out (should utter, should speak of)
- बुधः (budhaḥ) - refers to the person who is expected to follow this ethical conduct (wise person, intelligent person)
- प्रत्यक्षलवणम् (pratyakṣalavaṇam) - salt that is not cooked into the food but added later, thus remaining visible as separate granules. This is often considered ritually impure. (visible salt, salt directly perceived)
- वर्ज्यम् (varjyam) - food item that one should not consume (to be avoided, forbidden)
- अन्नम् (annam) - the general term for food, here modified by atyuṣṇam (food, grain)
- अति-उष्णम् (ati-uṣṇam) - food that is too hot to consume comfortably or healthily (very hot, excessively warm)
- एव (eva) - emphasizes that 'this too' should be avoided (indeed, only, just, also)
- च (ca) - connects pratyakṣalavaṇam and atyuṣṇam annam as things to be avoided (and, also)
Words meanings and morphology
उपगातात् (upagātāt) - the person serving the food (from the one who has approached, from the server)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of upagātṛ
upagātṛ - one who approaches, a server, an attendant
Agent noun
From upa-√gam (to approach, to serve), with agent suffix -tṛ.
Prefix: upa
Root: √gam (class 1)
Note: Used with ṛte meaning 'except for'.
ऋते (ṛte) - except, without, apart from
(indeclinable)
Preposition (governs ablative).
दोषम् (doṣam) - a mistake or imperfection in the food or service (fault, defect, error)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of doṣa
doṣa - fault, defect, sin, blame, harm
From root √duṣ (to be bad).
Root: √duṣ (class 4)
Note: Object of udīrayet.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates the verb.
अन्यस्य (anyasya) - refers to another individual's shortcomings (of another, of another person)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of anya
anya - other, another, different
Indefinite pronoun.
Note: Specifies 'whose' fault.
उदीरयेत् (udīrayet) - should criticize or point out (should utter, should speak of)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of √īr
Optative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular, Parasmaipada (causative of √īr)
From ud-√īr (to utter, to speak forth), causative.
Prefix: ud
Root: √īr (class 2)
बुधः (budhaḥ) - refers to the person who is expected to follow this ethical conduct (wise person, intelligent person)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of budha
budha - wise, intelligent, learned person, a sage
From root √budh (to know, awaken).
Root: √budh (class 1)
प्रत्यक्षलवणम् (pratyakṣalavaṇam) - salt that is not cooked into the food but added later, thus remaining visible as separate granules. This is often considered ritually impure. (visible salt, salt directly perceived)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣalavaṇa
pratyakṣalavaṇa - visible salt, salt added directly
Compound of pratyakṣa (visible, direct) and lavaṇa (salt).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (pratyakṣa+lavaṇa)
- pratyakṣa – visible, manifest, direct perception
adjective (neuter)
Compound of prati (towards) and akṣa (eye).
Prefix: prati - lavaṇa – salt, saline
noun (neuter)
From root √lū (to cut) or √lav (to cut).
Note: Subject of varjyam.
वर्ज्यम् (varjyam) - food item that one should not consume (to be avoided, forbidden)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of varjya
varjya - to be avoided, to be excluded, forbidden
Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
From root √vṛj (to avoid, abandon) with suffix -ya.
Root: √vṛj (class 1)
अन्नम् (annam) - the general term for food, here modified by atyuṣṇam (food, grain)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anna
anna - food, sustenance, boiled rice, grain
Past Passive Participle (from √ad) also used as a noun.
From root √ad (to eat).
Root: √ad (class 2)
Note: Subject of implicit 'should be avoided'.
अति-उष्णम् (ati-uṣṇam) - food that is too hot to consume comfortably or healthily (very hot, excessively warm)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of atyuṣṇa
atyuṣṇa - very hot, excessively warm
Compound of ati (excessively) and uṣṇa (hot).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+uṣṇa)
- ati – over, beyond, excessively, very
indeclinable
Prefix/preposition. - uṣṇa – hot, warm, summer
adjective (neuter)
From root √uṣ (to burn).
Root: √uṣ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies annam.
एव (eva) - emphasizes that 'this too' should be avoided (indeed, only, just, also)
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
च (ca) - connects pratyakṣalavaṇam and atyuṣṇam annam as things to be avoided (and, also)
(indeclinable)