मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-42
विद्याधिकं गुरुं देवं बुधः कुर्यात् प्रदक्षिणम् ।
उपानद्वस्त्रमाल्यादि धृतमन्यैर्न धारयेत् ॥४२॥
उपानद्वस्त्रमाल्यादि धृतमन्यैर्न धारयेत् ॥४२॥
42. vidyādhikaṃ guruṃ devaṃ budhaḥ kuryāt pradakṣiṇam .
upānadvastramālyādi dhṛtamanyairna dhārayet.
upānadvastramālyādi dhṛtamanyairna dhārayet.
42.
vidyādhikaṃ guruṃ devaṃ budhaḥ kuryāt pradakṣiṇam
upānadvastramālyādi dhṛtam anyaiḥ na dhārayet
upānadvastramālyādi dhṛtam anyaiḥ na dhārayet
42.
A wise person should perform circumambulation (pradakṣiṇam) of a learned person, a spiritual teacher (guru), and a deity. One should not wear shoes, clothes, garlands, and other such items that have been worn by others.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विद्याधिकं (vidyādhikaṁ) - a learned person, one superior in knowledge
- गुरुं (guruṁ) - a spiritual teacher, preceptor, guru
- देवं (devaṁ) - a god, deity
- बुधः (budhaḥ) - a wise person, an intelligent person
- कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, should perform
- प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise)
- उपानद्वस्त्रमाल्यादि (upānadvastramālyādi) - shoes, clothes, garlands, etc.
- धृतम् (dhṛtam) - worn, borne, held
- अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others
- न (na) - not
- धारयेत् (dhārayet) - should wear, should hold
Words meanings and morphology
विद्याधिकं (vidyādhikaṁ) - a learned person, one superior in knowledge
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vidyādhika
vidyādhika - superior in knowledge, very learned
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vidyā+adhika)
- vidyā – knowledge, learning
noun (feminine) - adhika – superior, excelling, abundant
adjective (masculine)
Note: Direct object of `kuryāt pradakṣiṇam`.
गुरुं (guruṁ) - a spiritual teacher, preceptor, guru
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of guru
guru - teacher, preceptor, revered person, guru
Note: Direct object of `kuryāt pradakṣiṇam`.
देवं (devaṁ) - a god, deity
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of deva
deva - god, deity, divine being
Root: div (class 1)
Note: Direct object of `kuryāt pradakṣiṇam`.
बुधः (budhaḥ) - a wise person, an intelligent person
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of budha
budha - wise, intelligent, learned person
From root budh (to know, perceive)
Root: budh (class 1)
Note: Subject of `kuryāt`.
कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, should perform
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of kṛ
Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular
Root: kṛ (class 8)
प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa
pradakṣiṇa - circumambulation (keeping the right side towards the object), going clockwise; right-hand side; respectful salutation
From pra- (prefix) and dakṣiṇa (right)
Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative or direct object, specifying the type of action performed by `kuryāt`.
उपानद्वस्त्रमाल्यादि (upānadvastramālyādi) - shoes, clothes, garlands, etc.
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of upānadvastramālyādi
upānadvastramālyādi - shoes, clothes, garlands, and so on
Compound noun ending with 'ādi' (etc.)
Compound type : dvandva (upānah+vastra+mālya+ādi)
- upānah – shoe, sandal
noun (feminine) - vastra – garment, cloth, clothing
noun (neuter) - mālya – garland, wreath
noun (neuter) - ādi – and so on, etc.
indeclinable
Note: Accusative singular, acting as a collective noun here. Direct object of `dhārayet`.
धृतम् (dhṛtam) - worn, borne, held
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dhṛta
dhṛta - worn, held, borne, supported
Past Passive Participle
From root dhṛ (to hold, wear), suffix -ta
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: It agrees with `upānadvastramālyādi` which is in accusative here.
अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya
anya - other, another
Note: Agent of the passive participle `dhṛtam`.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
धारयेत् (dhārayet) - should wear, should hold
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of dhṛ
Causative form (dhārayati)
Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular, from causative stem.
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Implied subject is 'one'.