मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-100
उषसे भूतपतये दद्याच्चोत्तरतस्ततः ।
स्वधा नम इतीत्युक्त्वा पितृभ्यश्चापि दक्षिणे ॥१००॥
स्वधा नम इतीत्युक्त्वा पितृभ्यश्चापि दक्षिणे ॥१००॥
100. uṣase bhūtapataye dadyāccottaratastataḥ .
svadhā nama itītyuktvā pitṛbhyaścāpi dakṣiṇe.
svadhā nama itītyuktvā pitṛbhyaścāpi dakṣiṇe.
100.
uṣase bhūtapataye dadyāt ca uttarataḥ tataḥ
svadhā namaḥ iti uktvā pitṛbhyaḥ ca api dakṣiṇe
svadhā namaḥ iti uktvā pitṛbhyaḥ ca api dakṣiṇe
100.
And then, towards the north, one should offer to Ushas (dawn) and to the lord of beings. Also, towards the south, having uttered 'svadhā namaḥ,' one should offer to the ancestors (pitṛ).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- उषसे (uṣase) - to the deity Ushas (goddess of dawn) (to Ushas, to the dawn)
- भूतपतये (bhūtapataye) - to the lord of beings (a title for Shiva or other deities) (to the lord of beings)
- दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should offer (one should give, one would give, may one give)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- उत्तरतः (uttarataḥ) - towards the north (from the north, to the north, northernly)
- ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards, therefore)
- स्वधा (svadhā) - an exclamation "svadhā" (used for offerings to ancestors) (oblation to ancestors, one's own nature, an exclamation (hail!))
- नमः (namaḥ) - salutation (part of a ritual utterance) (salutation, obeisance, bowing)
- इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)
- उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having uttered (the mantra "svadhā namaḥ") (having said, having spoken)
- पितृभ्यः (pitṛbhyaḥ) - to the ancestors (pitṛ) (to the fathers, to the ancestors)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अपि (api) - also (also, even, moreover)
- दक्षिणे (dakṣiṇe) - towards the south (in the south, on the right side)
Words meanings and morphology
उषसे (uṣase) - to the deity Ushas (goddess of dawn) (to Ushas, to the dawn)
(noun)
Dative, feminine, singular of uṣas
uṣas - dawn, morning light, goddess of dawn
भूतपतये (bhūtapataye) - to the lord of beings (a title for Shiva or other deities) (to the lord of beings)
(noun)
Dative, masculine, singular of bhūtapati
bhūtapati - lord of beings, master of ghosts, an epithet of Shiva
Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (bhūta+pati)
- bhūta – being, creature, element
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From √bhū (to be, exist)
Root: bhū (class 1) - pati – lord, master, husband
noun (masculine)
दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should offer (one should give, one would give, may one give)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of dā
Optative 3rd singular active of √dā
Root: dā (class 3)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
उत्तरतः (uttarataḥ) - towards the north (from the north, to the north, northernly)
(indeclinable)
Note: Formed with the tasil suffix taḥ indicating direction 'from' or 'to'.
ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards, therefore)
(indeclinable)
स्वधा (svadhā) - an exclamation "svadhā" (used for offerings to ancestors) (oblation to ancestors, one's own nature, an exclamation (hail!))
(indeclinable)
Note: Used ritualistically.
नमः (namaḥ) - salutation (part of a ritual utterance) (salutation, obeisance, bowing)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used ritualistically.
इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)
(indeclinable)
उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having uttered (the mantra "svadhā namaḥ") (having said, having spoken)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive
Absolutive (gerund) of √vac (to speak, say)
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: The kvā suffix indicates an absolutive (gerund).
पितृभ्यः (pitṛbhyaḥ) - to the ancestors (pitṛ) (to the fathers, to the ancestors)
(noun)
Dative, masculine, plural of pitṛ
pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefathers (collectively)
Note: Can also be ablative plural. Dative is more fitting here for receiving offerings.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - also (also, even, moreover)
(indeclinable)
दक्षिणे (dakṣiṇe) - towards the south (in the south, on the right side)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇa
dakṣiṇa - south, southern, right, skillful
Note: Refers to the southern direction.