मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-4
अलर्क उवाच ।
कथितं मे त्वया मातर्नित्य नैमित्तिकञ्च यत् ।
नित्यनैमित्तिकञ्चैव त्रिविधं कर्म पौरुषम् ॥४॥
कथितं मे त्वया मातर्नित्य नैमित्तिकञ्च यत् ।
नित्यनैमित्तिकञ्चैव त्रिविधं कर्म पौरुषम् ॥४॥
4. alarka uvāca .
kathitaṃ me tvayā mātarnitya naimittikañca yat .
nityanaimittikañcaiva trividhaṃ karma pauruṣam.
kathitaṃ me tvayā mātarnitya naimittikañca yat .
nityanaimittikañcaiva trividhaṃ karma pauruṣam.
4.
alarkaḥ uvāca kathitaṃ me tvayā mātar nitya naimittikaṃ
ca yat nityanaimittikaṃ ca eva trividhaṃ karma pauruṣam
ca yat nityanaimittikaṃ ca eva trividhaṃ karma pauruṣam
4.
Alarka said: "O Mother, what you have explained to me as the 'constant and occasional' (nityanaimittika) (duties)—indeed, this constant and occasional action (karma) performed by a human (puruṣa) is of three kinds."
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अलर्कः (alarkaḥ) - Alarka (a mythological king, son of Madalasa)
- उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
- कथितं (kathitaṁ) - told, spoken, narrated
- मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)
- त्वया (tvayā) - by you
- मातर् (mātar) - O mother
- नित्य (nitya) - daily, constant, eternal
- नैमित्तिकं (naimittikaṁ) - occasional, special, dependent on a cause
- च (ca) - and
- यत् (yat) - which, what, that which
- नित्यनैमित्तिकं (nityanaimittikaṁ) - daily and occasional
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
- त्रिविधं (trividhaṁ) - threefold, of three kinds
- कर्म (karma) - action, deed, duty (karma)
- पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - pertaining to a human (puruṣa) (human, manly, pertaining to a man (puruṣa))
Words meanings and morphology
अलर्कः (alarkaḥ) - Alarka (a mythological king, son of Madalasa)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of alarka
alarka - Alarka, name of a king, son of Madalasa
उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac
Perfect Active
3rd person singular, Perfect tense, Parasmaipada
Root: vac (class 2)
कथितं (kathitaṁ) - told, spoken, narrated
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kathita
kathita - told, spoken, narrated
Past Passive Participle
from root kath (to tell, speak)
Root: kath (class 10)
Note: Functions as a predicate, 'what was told'.
मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)
(pronoun)
Dative, singular of asmad
asmad - I, we (pronoun)
Note: Acts as dative here.
त्वया (tvayā) - by you
(pronoun)
Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (pronoun)
Note: Agent of `kathitaṃ`.
मातर् (mātar) - O mother
(noun)
Vocative, feminine, singular of mātṛ
mātṛ - mother
नित्य (nitya) - daily, constant, eternal
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of nitya
nitya - constant, daily, eternal, obligatory, regular
Note: It's acting as the first part of the conceptual compound 'nityanaimittikaṃ', here separated due to spacing in original text.
नैमित्तिकं (naimittikaṁ) - occasional, special, dependent on a cause
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of naimittika
naimittika - occasional, special, dependent on a cause or occasion
from nimitta (cause, occasion) + -ika
Note: Agrees with `yat` and `karma`.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
यत् (yat) - which, what, that which
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)
Note: Refers to the 'nityanaimittika' as a concept.
नित्यनैमित्तिकं (nityanaimittikaṁ) - daily and occasional
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of nityanaimittika
nityanaimittika - daily and occasional, constant and special
Compound type : dvandva (nitya+naimittika)
- nitya – constant, daily, eternal, obligatory
adjective (masculine) - naimittika – occasional, special, dependent on a cause
adjective (masculine)
from nimitta (cause, occasion) + -ika
Note: Agrees with `karma`.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
त्रिविधं (trividhaṁ) - threefold, of three kinds
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of trividha
trividha - threefold, of three kinds
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+vidha)
- tri – three
numeral - vidha – kind, sort, manner
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with `karma`.
कर्म (karma) - action, deed, duty (karma)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of karman
karman - action, deed, work, ritual, duty, the effect of actions (karma)
from root kṛ (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - pertaining to a human (puruṣa) (human, manly, pertaining to a man (puruṣa))
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa
pauruṣa - human, manly, pertaining to a person or man (puruṣa)
from puruṣa (person, man)
Note: Agrees with `karma`.