मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-37
ब्राह्मणानिलगोसूर्यान् न मेहेत कदाचन ।
उदङ्मुखो दिवा रात्रावुत्सर्गं दक्षिणामुखः ॥३७॥
उदङ्मुखो दिवा रात्रावुत्सर्गं दक्षिणामुखः ॥३७॥
37. brāhmaṇānilagosūryān na meheta kadācana .
udaṅmukho divā rātrāvutsargaṃ dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ.
udaṅmukho divā rātrāvutsargaṃ dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ.
37.
brāhmaṇānilagosūryān na meheta kadācana
udaṅmukhaḥ divā rātrau utsargam dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ
udaṅmukhaḥ divā rātrau utsargam dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ
37.
One should never urinate towards Brahmins, the wind, cows, or the sun. During the day, one should face north for excretion, and at night, one should face south.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ब्राह्मणानिलगोसूर्यान् (brāhmaṇānilagosūryān) - towards Brahmins, wind, cows, and the sun
- न (na) - not
- मेहेत (meheta) - one should urinate
- कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time (never, with 'na')
- उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - facing north
- दिवा (divā) - by day, during the day
- रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night
- उत्सर्गम् (utsargam) - urination or defecation (excretion, discharge)
- दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - facing south
Words meanings and morphology
ब्राह्मणानिलगोसूर्यान् (brāhmaṇānilagosūryān) - towards Brahmins, wind, cows, and the sun
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇānilagosūrya
brāhmaṇānilagosūrya - Brahmins, wind, cows, and sun (collectively)
Compound type : dvandva (brāhmaṇa+anila+go+sūrya)
- brāhmaṇa – a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class
noun (masculine)
Derived from brahman with suffix -a. - anila – wind, air
noun (masculine)
From root an 'to breathe'.
Root: an (class 2) - go – cow, bull, earth, ray of light
noun (feminine) - sūrya – sun, sun god
noun (masculine)
Root: sūr
Note: The compound functions as an accusative plural, indicating the direction of the action.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
मेहेत (meheta) - one should urinate
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of meh
optative mood, 3rd person singular
Root verb mih (class 1), optative, parasmaipada. The root mih becomes meh in some conjugations.
Root: mih (class 1)
Note: Used in the sense of a prohibition or general rule when combined with 'na'.
कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time (never, with 'na')
(indeclinable)
Combination of kadā (when) and cana (even, any).
उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - facing north
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of udaṅmukha
udaṅmukha - facing north
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udak+mukha)
- udak – north
indeclinable - mukha – face, mouth, front
noun (neuter)
Note: Refers to the implicit agent of excretion.
दिवा (divā) - by day, during the day
(indeclinable)
From div (heaven, day), used adverbially.
रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of rātri
rātri - night
Note: Locative singular used adverbially to denote time.
उत्सर्गम् (utsargam) - urination or defecation (excretion, discharge)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of utsarga
utsarga - emission, discharge, excretion, abandonment
derived from verb root sṛj with prefix ut
From ut-√sṛj (to discharge).
Prefix: ut
Root: sṛj (class 6)
Note: Object of an implied verb of 'performing' or 'doing'.
दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - facing south
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇāmukha
dakṣiṇāmukha - facing south
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dakṣiṇa+mukha)
- dakṣiṇa – south, right
adjective (masculine) - mukha – face, mouth, front
noun (neuter)
Note: Refers to the implicit agent of excretion.