मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-51
शिरस्यगस्त्यमास्थाय शयीताथ पुरन्दरम् ।
न तु गन्धवतीष्वप्सु स्नायीत न तथा निशि ॥५१॥
न तु गन्धवतीष्वप्सु स्नायीत न तथा निशि ॥५१॥
51. śirasyagastyamāsthāya śayītātha purandaram .
na tu gandhavatīṣvapsu snāyīta na tathā niśi.
na tu gandhavatīṣvapsu snāyīta na tathā niśi.
51.
śirasi agastyam āsthāya śayīta atha purandaram
na tu gandhavatīṣu apsu snāyīta na tathā niśi
na tu gandhavatīṣu apsu snāyīta na tathā niśi
51.
One should sleep with one's head placed towards the Agastya star (Canopus, i.e., south) or towards Purandara (Indra, i.e., east). However, one should not bathe in fragrant waters, nor should one bathe at night.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शिरसि (śirasi) - on the head, in the head
- अगस्त्यम् (agastyam) - The Agastya star (Canopus), which is located in the southern sky. (Agastya (a sage, a star - Canopus))
- आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having placed, having fixed, having resorted to
- शयीत (śayīta) - one should sleep
- अथ (atha) - then, now, also, moreover
- पुरन्दरम् (purandaram) - Here, Purandara refers to the deity Indra, who is associated with the East direction. (Indra, destroyer of cities)
- न (na) - not, no
- तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
- गन्धवतीषु (gandhavatīṣu) - in fragrant, perfumed
- अप्सु (apsu) - in waters
- स्नायीत (snāyīta) - one should bathe
- न (na) - not, no
- तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise
- निशि (niśi) - at night, in the night
Words meanings and morphology
शिरसि (śirasi) - on the head, in the head
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śiras
śiras - head
अगस्त्यम् (agastyam) - The Agastya star (Canopus), which is located in the southern sky. (Agastya (a sage, a star - Canopus))
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of agastya
agastya - name of a sage, the star Canopus
Note: Here refers to the direction indicated by the star Agastya.
आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having placed, having fixed, having resorted to
(indeclinable)
Absolutive/Gerund
prefix ā + root sthā + lyap
Prefix: ā
Root: sthā (class 1)
शयीत (śayīta) - one should sleep
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, Optative (liṅ) of śī
Optative mood, Ātmanepada
root śī, optative, 3rd person singular
Root: śī (class 2)
Note: Ātmanepada form.
अथ (atha) - then, now, also, moreover
(indeclinable)
पुरन्दरम् (purandaram) - Here, Purandara refers to the deity Indra, who is associated with the East direction. (Indra, destroyer of cities)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of purandara
purandara - destroyer of cities, Indra
Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (pura+dṛ)
- pura – city, fortress
noun (neuter) - dara – breaking, splitting (agent)
noun (masculine)
root dṛ + a
Root: dṛ (class 6)
Note: Used here to denote the East direction.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
(indeclinable)
गन्धवतीषु (gandhavatīṣu) - in fragrant, perfumed
(adjective)
Locative, feminine, plural of gandhavatī
gandhavatī - fragrant, perfumed
feminine form of gandhavat
अप्सु (apsu) - in waters
(noun)
Locative, feminine, plural of ap
ap - water
Note: Irregular declension.
स्नायीत (snāyīta) - one should bathe
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, Optative (liṅ) of snā
Optative mood, Ātmanepada
root snā, optative, 3rd person singular
Root: snā (class 2)
Note: Ātmanepada form.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise
(indeclinable)
निशि (niśi) - at night, in the night
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of niś
niś - night