मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-58
पिष्टशाकेक्षुपयसां विकारान्नृपनन्दन ।
तथा मांसविकारांश्च ते च वर्ज्याश्चिरोषिताः ॥५८॥
तथा मांसविकारांश्च ते च वर्ज्याश्चिरोषिताः ॥५८॥
58. piṣṭaśākekṣupayasāṃ vikārānnṛpanandana .
tathā māṃsavikārāṃśca te ca varjyāściroṣitāḥ.
tathā māṃsavikārāṃśca te ca varjyāściroṣitāḥ.
58.
piṣṭaśākeṣupayasām vikārān nṛpanandana tathā
māṃsavikārān ca te ca varjyāḥ ciroṣitāḥ
māṃsavikārān ca te ca varjyāḥ ciroṣitāḥ
58.
O prince, derivatives of ground grains, vegetables, sugarcane, and milk, and likewise, meat products, should be avoided if they are stale or have been kept for a long time.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पिष्टशाकेषुपयसाम् (piṣṭaśākeṣupayasām) - of ground grains/flour, vegetables, sugarcane, and milk
- विकारान् (vikārān) - products or derivatives of the listed food items (products, derivatives, transformations, alterations)
- नृपनन्दन (nṛpanandana) - O son of a king, O prince
- तथा (tathā) - and likewise (thus, so, similarly, likewise, and)
- मांसविकारान् (māṁsavikārān) - meat products, meat derivatives
- च (ca) - and
- ते (te) - those products (referring to vikārān and māṃsavikārān) (those, they)
- च (ca) - and
- वर्ज्याः (varjyāḥ) - to be avoided, forbidden, prohibited
- चिरोषिताः (ciroṣitāḥ) - long-stayed, old, stale, kept for a long time
Words meanings and morphology
पिष्टशाकेषुपयसाम् (piṣṭaśākeṣupayasām) - of ground grains/flour, vegetables, sugarcane, and milk
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, plural of piṣṭaśākeṣupayas
piṣṭaśākeṣupayas - combination of flour, vegetables, sugarcane, and milk
Compound type : dvandva (piṣṭa+śāka+ikṣu+payas)
- piṣṭa – ground, crushed, powdered; flour, meal
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root piṣ (to grind)
Root: piṣ (class 7) - śāka – vegetable, potherb
noun (masculine) - ikṣu – sugarcane
noun (masculine) - payas – milk, water, liquid
noun (neuter)
Note: Refers to 'derivatives of...'
विकारान् (vikārān) - products or derivatives of the listed food items (products, derivatives, transformations, alterations)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of vikāra
vikāra - change, alteration, transformation, product, derivative, disease
From vi- + kṛ (to make) + ghañ suffix
Prefix: vi
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of implied 'avoid'.
नृपनन्दन (nṛpanandana) - O son of a king, O prince
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpanandana
nṛpanandana - son of a king, prince
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+nandana)
- nṛpa – king, protector of men
noun (masculine)
From nṛ (man) + pā (to protect)
Root: pā (class 2) - nandana – son, child; delighting
noun (masculine)
From root nand (to rejoice)
Root: nand (class 1)
तथा (tathā) - and likewise (thus, so, similarly, likewise, and)
(indeclinable)
मांसविकारान् (māṁsavikārān) - meat products, meat derivatives
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of māṃsavikāra
māṁsavikāra - meat products, meat derivatives
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (māṃsa+vikāra)
- māṃsa – meat, flesh
noun (neuter) - vikāra – change, alteration, transformation, product, derivative, disease
noun (masculine)
From vi- + kṛ (to make) + ghañ suffix
Prefix: vi
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of implied 'avoid'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Follows māṃsavikārān.
ते (te) - those products (referring to vikārān and māṃsavikārān) (those, they)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Refers to the 'vikārān' and 'māṃsavikārān'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Follows te.
वर्ज्याः (varjyāḥ) - to be avoided, forbidden, prohibited
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of varjya
varjya - to be avoided, to be excluded, forbidden
Gerundive
From root vṛj (to avoid, abandon) + ṇyaT suffix
Root: vṛj (class 1)
Note: Predicative use.
चिरोषिताः (ciroṣitāḥ) - long-stayed, old, stale, kept for a long time
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ciroṣita
ciroṣita - long-stayed, old, stale, kept for a long time
Compound of cira (long time) and uṣita (stayed, resided, lived, from root vas)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (cira+uṣita)
- cira – long (time), for a long time
indeclinable - uṣita – stayed, resided, lived, passed (of time)
adjective (masculine/neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root vas (to dwell, reside)
Root: vas (class 1)
Note: Predicative use, agrees with the implied subject (the products).