मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-18
पूर्वां सन्ध्यां सनक्षत्रां पश्चिमां सदिवाकराम् ।
उपासीत यथान्यायं नैनां जह्यादनापदि ॥१८॥
उपासीत यथान्यायं नैनां जह्यादनापदि ॥१८॥
18. pūrvāṃ sandhyāṃ sanakṣatrāṃ paścimāṃ sadivākarām .
upāsīta yathānyāyaṃ naināṃ jahyādanāpadi.
upāsīta yathānyāyaṃ naināṃ jahyādanāpadi.
18.
pūrvām sandhyām sanakṣatrām paścimām sadivākarām
upāsīta yathānyāyam na enām jahyāt anāpadi
upāsīta yathānyāyam na enām jahyāt anāpadi
18.
One should duly worship the morning twilight while stars are still visible, and the evening twilight while the sun is still present. One should not neglect this practice (sandhyā) except in times of calamity.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - the morning (referring to morning sandhyā) (eastern, prior, earlier, former)
- सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - the twilight ritual (sandhyā) (twilight, juncture; morning/evening prayer)
- सनक्षत्राम् (sanakṣatrām) - while stars are still visible (with stars, accompanied by stars)
- पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - the evening (referring to evening sandhyā) (western, posterior, later)
- सदिवाकराम् (sadivākarām) - while the sun is still present (with the sun, accompanied by the sun)
- उपासीत (upāsīta) - one should worship (one should worship, one should attend, one should meditate)
- यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - duly (according to justice, according to rule, properly, duly)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- एनाम् (enām) - this (practice, referring to sandhyā) (her, this (feminine singular accusative))
- जह्यात् (jahyāt) - one should neglect (one should abandon, one should neglect, one should give up)
- अनापदि (anāpadi) - except in times of calamity (in non-distress, when not in calamity)
Words meanings and morphology
पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - the morning (referring to morning sandhyā) (eastern, prior, earlier, former)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrva
pūrva - eastern, prior, earlier, former
Note: Qualifies `sandhyām`.
सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - the twilight ritual (sandhyā) (twilight, juncture; morning/evening prayer)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of sandhyā
sandhyā - twilight (morning or evening), juncture; the ritual performed at twilight
Prefix: sam
Root: dhā (class 3)
सनक्षत्राम् (sanakṣatrām) - while stars are still visible (with stars, accompanied by stars)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of sanakṣatra
sanakṣatra - with stars, accompanied by stars
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+nakṣatra)
- sa – with, accompanied by
indeclinable - nakṣatra – star, constellation
noun (neuter)
Note: Qualifies `sandhyām`.
पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - the evening (referring to evening sandhyā) (western, posterior, later)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of paścima
paścima - western, posterior, last
Note: Qualifies an implied `sandhyām`.
सदिवाकराम् (sadivākarām) - while the sun is still present (with the sun, accompanied by the sun)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of sadivākara
sadivākara - with the sun, accompanied by the sun
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+divākara)
- sa – with, accompanied by
indeclinable - divākara – sun (day-maker)
noun (masculine)
Note: Qualifies an implied `sandhyām`.
उपासीत (upāsīta) - one should worship (one should worship, one should attend, one should meditate)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upās
prefixed verb with upa + ās
Prefix: upa
Root: ās (class 2)
Note: Atmanepada (middle voice) optative.
यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - duly (according to justice, according to rule, properly, duly)
(indeclinable)
Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)
- yathā – as, just as
indeclinable - nyāya – rule, method, justice, logic
noun (masculine)
Note: Avyayībhāva compound acting as an adverb.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
एनाम् (enām) - this (practice, referring to sandhyā) (her, this (feminine singular accusative))
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of enas
enas - this, that
Note: Refers back to `sandhyām`.
जह्यात् (jahyāt) - one should neglect (one should abandon, one should neglect, one should give up)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hā
root of class 3 (juhotyādi)
Root: hā (class 3)
अनापदि (anāpadi) - except in times of calamity (in non-distress, when not in calamity)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of anāpad
anāpad - non-calamity, absence of distress
compound of na + āpad
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+āpad)
- na – not
indeclinable - āpad – calamity, distress, misfortune
noun (feminine)
Prefix: ā
Root: pad (class 4)