मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-39
परिवादं न शृणुयादन्येषामपि कुर्वताम् ।
पन्था देयो ब्राह्मणानां राज्ञो दुः खातुरस्य च ॥३९॥
पन्था देयो ब्राह्मणानां राज्ञो दुः खातुरस्य च ॥३९॥
39. parivādaṃ na śṛṇuyādanyeṣāmapi kurvatām .
panthā deyo brāhmaṇānāṃ rājño duḥ khāturasya ca.
panthā deyo brāhmaṇānāṃ rājño duḥ khāturasya ca.
39.
parivādam na śṛṇuyāt anyeṣām api kurvatām
panthāḥ deyaḥ brāhmaṇānām rājñaḥ duḥkhāturasya ca
panthāḥ deyaḥ brāhmaṇānām rājñaḥ duḥkhāturasya ca
39.
One should not listen to slander, even when others are speaking it. The path should be yielded to Brahmins, to a king, and to one afflicted by suffering.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- परिवादम् (parivādam) - slander, calumny, evil report
- न (na) - not
- शृणुयात् (śṛṇuyāt) - one should hear/listen
- अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - of others
- अपि (api) - even, also
- कुर्वताम् (kurvatām) - of those who are slandering (of those who are doing/speaking)
- पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - the path, way
- देयः (deyaḥ) - should be yielded (as a right of way) (should be given, due to be given)
- ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - to the Brahmins, of the Brahmins
- राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - to a king, of a king
- दुःखातुरस्य (duḥkhāturasya) - to one afflicted by suffering
- च (ca) - and
Words meanings and morphology
परिवादम् (parivādam) - slander, calumny, evil report
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of parivāda
parivāda - blame, censure, abuse, evil report, slander
From pari-√vad (to speak ill of).
Prefix: pari
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Object of the verb 'śṛṇuyāt'.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
शृणुयात् (śṛṇuyāt) - one should hear/listen
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of śru
optative mood, 3rd person singular
Root verb śru (class 5), optative, parasmaipada.
Root: śru (class 5)
Note: Expresses a prohibition when combined with 'na'.
अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - of others
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of anya
anya - other, another
Note: Genitive plural, 'of others', referring to people.
अपि (api) - even, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
कुर्वताम् (kurvatām) - of those who are slandering (of those who are doing/speaking)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of kurvat
kurvat - doing, performing
Present Active Participle
From root kṛ (to do), present active participle, genitive plural.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - the path, way
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pathin
pathin - path, road, way
Irregular noun ending in -in.
Note: Subject of the passive gerundive 'deyaḥ'.
देयः (deyaḥ) - should be yielded (as a right of way) (should be given, due to be given)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of deya
deya - to be given, due, fit to be given
Gerundive
Derived from root dā (to give) with suffix -ya.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Agrees with 'panthāḥ', indicating an obligation.
ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - to the Brahmins, of the Brahmins
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class
Derived from brahman with suffix -a.
Note: Genitive plural, functioning with a dative sense ('to the Brahmins') as recipients of the yielding.
राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - to a king, of a king
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Irregular noun ending in -an.
Root: rāj (class 1)
Note: Genitive singular, functioning with a dative sense ('to a king') as recipient.
दुःखातुरस्य (duḥkhāturasya) - to one afflicted by suffering
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of duḥkhātura
duḥkhātura - afflicted by pain/suffering, distressed
Compound of duḥkha (suffering) and ātura (afflicted).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ātura)
- duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, misery
noun (neuter)
Opposite of sukha. - ātura – distressed, afflicted, sick
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From ā-√tur (to be agitated).
Prefix: ā
Root: tur (class 6)
Note: Genitive singular, functioning with a dative sense ('to one afflicted by suffering') as recipient.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction, connecting the list of recipients.