मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-50
कुर्वोत सततं वत्स वर्जयेद्वर्ज्यवीरुधः ।
नोदक्शिराः स्वपेज्जातु न चप्रत्यक्शिरा नरः ॥५०॥
नोदक्शिराः स्वपेज्जातु न चप्रत्यक्शिरा नरः ॥५०॥
50. kurvota satataṃ vatsa varjayedvarjyavīrudhaḥ .
nodakśirāḥ svapejjātu na capratyakśirā naraḥ.
nodakśirāḥ svapejjātu na capratyakśirā naraḥ.
50.
kurvota satataṃ vatsa varjayet varjyavīrudhaḥ na
udakśirāḥ svapet jātu na ca pratyakśirāḥ naraḥ
udakśirāḥ svapet jātu na ca pratyakśirāḥ naraḥ
50.
vatsa satataṃ kurvota varjyavīrudhaḥ varjayet
naraḥ jātu udakśirāḥ na svapet ca pratyakśirāḥ na
naraḥ jātu udakśirāḥ na svapet ca pratyakśirāḥ na
50.
O dear child, you should always perform [your constitutional duties] (dharma) and avoid prohibited plants. A person should never sleep with their head facing north, nor with their head facing west.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कुर्वोत (kurvota) - you (singular) should do/perform
- सततं (satataṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually
- वत्स (vatsa) - O child, O dear one
- वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid, he should avoid, you (singular) should avoid
- वर्ज्यवीरुधः (varjyavīrudhaḥ) - prohibited creepers/plants
- न (na) - not, no
- उदक्शिराः (udakśirāḥ) - with head to the north, northbound head
- स्वपेत् (svapet) - one should sleep, he should sleep
- जातु (jātu) - in conjunction with 'na', meaning 'never' (ever, at any time)
- न (na) - not, nor
- च (ca) - and, also
- प्रत्यक्शिराः (pratyakśirāḥ) - with head to the west, westbound head
- नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person, a human being
Words meanings and morphology
कुर्वोत (kurvota) - you (singular) should do/perform
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative-like/optative-like of kṛ
Imperative-like/Optative-like
From root 'kṛ' (8th class, Parasmaipada). This specific form is found in Epic Sanskrit with a 2nd person singular sense, acting as an injunction.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
सततं (satataṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually
(indeclinable)
Derived from root 'sad' (to sit, be) with suffix 'ata'. Often used adverbially.
Root: sad (class 1)
Note: Functions as an adverb.
वत्स (vatsa) - O child, O dear one
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa
vatsa - calf, child, darling, son, offspring
वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid, he should avoid, you (singular) should avoid
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vṛj
Optative mood, active voice (causative stem)
From the causative stem 'varj' (from root 'vṛj', 1st class, Parasmaipada), 3rd person singular.
Root: vṛj (class 1)
Note: The 3rd person singular optative can imply a general injunction for 'one' or 'a person'.
वर्ज्यवीरुधः (varjyavīrudhaḥ) - prohibited creepers/plants
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of varjyavīrudha
varjyavīrudha - prohibited plant or creeper, forbidden vegetation
Compound: 'varjya' (to be avoided) + 'vīrudha' (plant/creeper). A descriptive compound (Karma-dhāraya) or a Tatpuruṣa indicating category.
Compound type : karma-dhāraya (varjya+vīrudha)
- varjya – to be avoided, forbidden, prohibited, excluded
adjective
Gerundive (kṛtya)
Formed from root 'vṛj' (to avoid) with the gerundive suffix '-ya'.
Root: vṛj (class 1) - vīrudha – creeper, plant, shrub, herb
noun (feminine)
Note: Accusative plural, direct object of 'varjayet'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Particle of negation.
उदक्शिराः (udakśirāḥ) - with head to the north, northbound head
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of udakśiras
udakśiras - having the head to the north, north-headed
Bahuvrīhi compound: 'udak' (north) + 'śiras' (head). Describes a person whose head is facing north.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udak+śiras)
- udak – north, northern, upwards
indeclinable - śiras – head, top, peak
noun (neuter)
Note: Agrees with 'naraḥ'.
स्वपेत् (svapet) - one should sleep, he should sleep
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of svap
Optative mood, active voice
From root 'svap' (2nd class, Parasmaipada), 3rd person singular.
Root: svap (class 2)
जातु (jātu) - in conjunction with 'na', meaning 'never' (ever, at any time)
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not, nor
(indeclinable)
Particle of negation.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
प्रत्यक्शिराः (pratyakśirāḥ) - with head to the west, westbound head
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyakśiras
pratyakśiras - having the head to the west, west-headed
Bahuvrīhi compound: 'pratyak' (west, backwards) + 'śiras' (head). Describes a person whose head is facing west.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pratyak+śiras)
- pratyak – west, western; backwards, contrary
indeclinable
From prefix 'prati' and root 'añc' (to bend, go).
Prefix: prati
Root: añc (class 1) - śiras – head, top, peak
noun (neuter)
Note: Agrees with 'naraḥ'.
नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person, a human being
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, person, human being, hero
From root 'nṛ' (to lead, guide).
Root: nṛ
Note: Subject of the verb 'svapet'.