मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम् mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-34, verse-27

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प्राङ्मुखोदङ्मुखो वापि स्वाचान्तो वाग्यतः शुचिः ।
भुञ्जीतान्नञ्च तच्चित्तो ह्यन्तर्जानुः सदा नरः ॥२७॥

27. prāṅmukhodaṅmukho vāpi svācānto vāgyataḥ śuciḥ .
bhuñjītānnañca taccitto hyantarjānuḥ sadā naraḥ.

27. prāṅmukhaḥ udaṅmukhaḥ vā api svācāntaḥ vāgyataḥ śuciḥ
bhuñjīta annam ca tat-cittaḥ hi antarjānuḥ sadā naraḥ

27. A man (nara) should always eat, facing either east or north, having properly cleansed himself, with restrained speech, in a state of purity, with his mind fully attentive to the food, and with his knees drawn inwards.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - facing east

उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - facing north

वा (vā) - or

अपि (api) - "or even", adding emphasis or option (even, also, too)

स्वाचान्तः (svācāntaḥ) - having performed the ritualistic mouth rinsing (ācamana) properly (well-rinsed, properly cleansed (mouth))

वाग्यतः (vāgyataḥ) - observant of silence during the meal (with speech restrained, silent)

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - ritually and physically clean (pure, clean)

भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - the prescriptive act of eating (should eat, should enjoy)

अन्नम् (annam) - the meal being consumed (food, grain)

च (ca) - and, also

तत्-चित्तः (tat-cittaḥ) - with mind focused on the act of eating and the food itself (with mind on that, attentive)

हि (hi) - emphatic, confirming the established rule (indeed, surely, for)

अन्तर्जानुः (antarjānuḥ) - sitting posture for eating, with knees close or drawn to the body (with knees inwards/together)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

नरः (naraḥ) - the subject performing the action of eating (man, human being)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - facing east

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṅmukha

prāṅmukha - facing east, eastward

Compound of prāñc (eastern) and mukha (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prāñc+mukha)

prāñc – eastern, going forward
adjective
Prefix: pra
Root: √añc (class 1)
mukha – face, mouth, front
noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies naraḥ.

उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - facing north

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udaṅmukha

udaṅmukha - facing north, northward

Compound of udañc (northern) and mukha (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udañc+mukha)

udañc – northern, going upwards
adjective
Prefix: ud
Root: √añc (class 1)
mukha – face, mouth, front
noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies naraḥ.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects directional adjectives.

अपि (api) - "or even", adding emphasis or option (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

स्वाचान्तः (svācāntaḥ) - having performed the ritualistic mouth rinsing (ācamana) properly (well-rinsed, properly cleansed (mouth))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svācānta

svācānta - having performed proper ācamana (mouth rinsing), well-rinsed

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su (well, properly) and ācānta (rinsed). Ācānta is PPP of √cam with ā.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+ācānta)

su – good, well, excellent, properly
indeclinable
Upasarga/prefix.
ācānta – rinsed, sipped (water for purification)
adjective
Past Passive Participle
From ā + √cam (to sip, cleanse).
Prefix: ā
Root: √cam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies naraḥ.

वाग्यतः (vāgyataḥ) - observant of silence during the meal (with speech restrained, silent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāgyata

vāgyata - having speech restrained, silent, self-controlled in speech

Compound of vāc (speech) and yata (restrained).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāc+yata)

vāc – speech, voice, word
noun (feminine)
Feminine c-stem noun.
Root: √vac (class 2)
yata – restrained, controlled, self-controlled
adjective
Past Passive Participle
From root √yam (to restrain, control).
Root: √yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies naraḥ.

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - ritually and physically clean (pure, clean)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, holy

i-stem adjective.

Note: Qualifies naraḥ.

भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - the prescriptive act of eating (should eat, should enjoy)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi liṅ) of √bhuj

Optative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular, Ātmanepada

From root √bhuj (class 7, A).

Root: √bhuj (class 7)

अन्नम् (annam) - the meal being consumed (food, grain)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, sustenance, boiled rice, grain

Past Passive Participle (from √ad) also used as a noun.

From root √ad (to eat).

Root: √ad (class 2)

Note: Object of bhuñjīta.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects annam to the sentence, implies 'food also' or simply 'and food'.

तत्-चित्तः (tat-cittaḥ) - with mind focused on the act of eating and the food itself (with mind on that, attentive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of taccitta

taccitta - having one's mind fixed on that, attentive

Bahuvrīhi compound of tad (that) and citta (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tad+citta)

tad – that, it
pronoun (neuter)
Demonstrative pronoun.
citta – mind, thought, consciousness
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle (from √cit) also used as a noun.
From root √cit (to perceive, observe).
Root: √cit (class 1)

Note: Qualifies naraḥ.

हि (hi) - emphatic, confirming the established rule (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अन्तर्जानुः (antarjānuḥ) - sitting posture for eating, with knees close or drawn to the body (with knees inwards/together)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antarjānu

antarjānu - having the knees within or brought together

Bahuvrīhi compound of antar (within) and jānu (knee).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (antar+jānu)