मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-79
परोपतापकं कर्म जन्तुपीडाञ्च वर्जयेत् ।
उदक्या सर्ववर्णानां वर्ज्या रात्रिचतुष्टयम् ॥७९॥
उदक्या सर्ववर्णानां वर्ज्या रात्रिचतुष्टयम् ॥७९॥
79. paropatāpakaṃ karma jantupīḍāñca varjayet .
udakyā sarvavarṇānāṃ varjyā rātricatuṣṭayam.
udakyā sarvavarṇānāṃ varjyā rātricatuṣṭayam.
79.
paropatāpakam karma jantupīḍām ca varjayet
udakyā sarvavarṇānām varjyā rātricatuṣṭayam
udakyā sarvavarṇānām varjyā rātricatuṣṭayam
79.
One should avoid actions (karma) that cause distress to others and harm living creatures. A menstruating woman from any social class (varṇa) should be avoided for four nights.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- परोपतापकम् (paropatāpakam) - causing distress to others (causing pain to others, harming others)
- कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual (karma))
- जन्तुपीडाम् (jantupīḍām) - harm to living creatures (tormenting creatures, harming living beings)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid (should avoid, should shun)
- उदक्या (udakyā) - a menstruating woman (menstruating woman)
- सर्ववर्णानाम् (sarvavarṇānām) - of all social classes (varṇa) (of all social classes/colors)
- वर्ज्या (varjyā) - should be avoided (to be avoided, forbidden)
- रात्रिचतुष्टयम् (rātricatuṣṭayam) - four nights (a period of) (a period of four nights)
Words meanings and morphology
परोपतापकम् (paropatāpakam) - causing distress to others (causing pain to others, harming others)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of paropatāpaka
paropatāpaka - causing pain or distress to others, tormenting others
Agent Noun / Agentive Adjective
From para (other) + upatāpa (distress, pain) + suffix -ka.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+upatāpa)
- para – other, another, supreme
pronoun/adjective (masculine) - upatāpa – distress, pain, affliction
noun (masculine)
From upa + tap.
Prefix: upa
Root: tap (class 1)
कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual (karma))
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of karma
karma - action, deed, ritual, fate, consequence (karma)
From root kṛ (to do).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
जन्तुपीडाम् (jantupīḍām) - harm to living creatures (tormenting creatures, harming living beings)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of jantupīḍā
jantupīḍā - harming or tormenting living beings/creatures
Tatpurusha compound: jantūnām pīḍā.
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (jantu+pīḍā)
- jantu – living being, creature, human being
noun (masculine)
Root: jan (class 4) - pīḍā – pain, distress, injury, oppression
noun (feminine)
From root pīḍ.
Root: pīḍ (class 10)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid (should avoid, should shun)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of varj
Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular
Parasmaipada, Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular. Causal form of vṛj or denominative from varja.
Root: vṛj (class 1)
उदक्या (udakyā) - a menstruating woman (menstruating woman)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of udakyā
udakyā - a menstruating woman
Feminine noun. Derived from udaka (water) as one who is impure and has to wash.
सर्ववर्णानाम् (sarvavarṇānām) - of all social classes (varṇa) (of all social classes/colors)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvavarṇa
sarvavarṇa - all colors, all social classes (varṇa)
Karmadhāraya compound. Refers to all classes.
Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+varṇa)
- sarva – all, every
adjective/pronoun (masculine) - varṇa – color, class, caste, sound, letter (varṇa)
noun (masculine)
Root: vṛ (class 9)
वर्ज्या (varjyā) - should be avoided (to be avoided, forbidden)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of varjya
varjya - to be avoided, to be shunned, objectionable
Gerundive (passive future participle)
From root vṛj (to avoid, shun) with suffix -ya. Feminine form.
Root: vṛj (class 1)
Note: Predicative adjective.
रात्रिचतुष्टयम् (rātricatuṣṭayam) - four nights (a period of) (a period of four nights)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of rātricatuṣṭaya
rātricatuṣṭaya - a group/period of four nights
Tatpurusha compound: rātrīṇām catuṣṭayam.
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rātri+catuṣṭaya)
- rātri – night
noun (feminine) - catuṣṭaya – a group of four
noun (neuter)
From catur (four) + ṭaya suffix.
Note: Accusative singular, acting adverbially to indicate duration.