मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-34, verse-85
कुर्वतामविनीतानां न श्रोतव्यं कथञ्चन ।
नोत्कृष्टशय्यासनयोर्नापकृष्टस्य चारुहेत् ॥८५॥
नोत्कृष्टशय्यासनयोर्नापकृष्टस्य चारुहेत् ॥८५॥
85. kurvatāmavinītānāṃ na śrotavyaṃ kathañcana .
notkṛṣṭaśayyāsanayornāpakṛṣṭasya cāruhet.
notkṛṣṭaśayyāsanayornāpakṛṣṭasya cāruhet.
85.
kurvatām avinītānām na śrotavyam kathañcana na
utkṛṣṭa-śayyāsanayoḥ na apakṛṣṭasya ca āruhet
utkṛṣṭa-śayyāsanayoḥ na apakṛṣṭasya ca āruhet
85.
One should never listen to the ill-behaved. One should not sit upon or climb onto superior beds and seats, nor upon those of an inferior person.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कुर्वताम् (kurvatām) - of those (the ill-behaved) who are acting improperly (of those who are doing/performing, of active ones)
- अविनीतानाम् (avinītānām) - of the ill-behaved, of the undisciplined
- न (na) - not, no
- श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - to be heard, should be listened to
- कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - by any means, in any way whatsoever, never
- नोत्कृष्ट-शय्यासनयोः (notkṛṣṭa-śayyāsanayoḥ) - on excellent beds and seats
- नापकृष्टस्य (nāpakṛṣṭasya) - of the inferior person (implied) (of the inferior one, of the low one)
- चारुहेत् (cāruhet) - one should ascend, one should climb upon, one should sit upon
Words meanings and morphology
कुर्वताम् (kurvatām) - of those (the ill-behaved) who are acting improperly (of those who are doing/performing, of active ones)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of kurvat
kurvat - doing, performing, making (present active participle)
Present Active Participle
From root kṛ (to do/make)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
अविनीतानाम् (avinītānām) - of the ill-behaved, of the undisciplined
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of avinīta
avinīta - ill-behaved, undisciplined, rude, uneducated
Past Passive Participle (negated)
`a` (negation) + `vi` (prefix) + root `nī` (to lead/train) + `ta` (P.P.P. suffix)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vinīta)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - vinīta – well-behaved, modest, disciplined, trained
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From prefix `vi` + root `nī`
Prefix: vi
Root: nī (class 1)
Note: 'of the ill-behaved ones'
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates the gerundive.
श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - to be heard, should be listened to
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śrotavya
śrotavya - to be heard, audible, to be listened to
Gerundive (Kartavya / Future Passive Participle)
From root śru (to hear) + -tavya suffix
Root: śru (class 5)
Note: 'it should not be heard' (impersonal passive).
कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - by any means, in any way whatsoever, never
(indeclinable)
From katham (how) + cana (emphasizing particle)
Note: Emphatic negation.
नोत्कृष्ट-शय्यासनयोः (notkṛṣṭa-śayyāsanayoḥ) - on excellent beds and seats
(noun)
Locative, neuter, dual of utkṛṣṭa-śayyāsana
utkṛṣṭa-śayyāsana - excellent bed and seat
Compound type : karmadhāraya (utkṛṣṭa+śayyāsana)
- utkṛṣṭa – excellent, superior, prominent
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From prefix `ut` + root `kṛṣ` (to pull, draw up)
Prefix: ut
Root: kṛṣ (class 1) - śayyā – bed, couch, lying down
noun (feminine)
From root śī 'to lie'
Root: śī (class 2) - āsana – seat, sitting, posture
noun (neuter)
From root ās 'to sit'
Root: ās (class 2)
Note: Locative dual, 'on the beds and seats'. The 'na' at the beginning forms a sandhi (a+u=o) `notkṛṣṭa`.
नापकृष्टस्य (nāpakṛṣṭasya) - of the inferior person (implied) (of the inferior one, of the low one)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of apakṛṣṭa
apakṛṣṭa - inferior, low, degraded, base
Past Passive Participle
From prefix `apa` + root `kṛṣ` (to pull, draw down)
Prefix: apa
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
Note: 'of the inferior one'. Modifies an implied noun like 'bed' or 'seat'. The initial 'na' combines via sandhi (a+a=ā) with `apakṛṣṭasya` to form `nāpakṛṣṭasya`.
चारुहेत् (cāruhet) - one should ascend, one should climb upon, one should sit upon
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of āruh
Optative mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular
From prefix `ā` + root `ruh` (to grow, ascend)
Prefix: ā
Root: ruh (class 1)
Note: The implied subject is 'one'. The initial 'ca' combines via sandhi (a+ā=ā) with `āruhet` to form `cāruhet`.