मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-23, verse-8
स भार्यां तां मृतां श्रुत्वा हृदयेष्टां मदालसाम् ।
पितरौ च पुरो दृष्ट्वा लज्जाशोकाब्धिमध्यगः ॥८॥
पितरौ च पुरो दृष्ट्वा लज्जाशोकाब्धिमध्यगः ॥८॥
8. sa bhāryāṃ tāṃ mṛtāṃ śrutvā hṛdayeṣṭāṃ madālasām .
pitarau ca puro dṛṣṭvā lajjāśokābdhimadhyagaḥ.
pitarau ca puro dṛṣṭvā lajjāśokābdhimadhyagaḥ.
8.
sa bhāryām tām mṛtām śrutvā hṛdayeṣṭām madālasām
pitarau ca puraḥ dṛṣṭvā lajjāśokābdhimadhyagaḥ
pitarau ca puraḥ dṛṣṭvā lajjāśokābdhimadhyagaḥ
8.
Having heard that his beloved wife, Madālasā, was dead, and seeing his parents before him, he became immersed in an ocean of shame and grief.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स (sa) - he (the king) (he, that)
- भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife
- ताम् (tām) - referring to Madālasā (that, her)
- मृताम् (mṛtām) - dead, deceased
- श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing
- हृदयेष्टाम् (hṛdayeṣṭām) - beloved, dear to the heart
- मदालसाम् (madālasām) - The name of the king's wife (Madālasā (proper name))
- पितरौ (pitarau) - parents (father and mother)
- च (ca) - and
- पुरः (puraḥ) - in front, before
- दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing
- लज्जाशोकाब्धिमध्यगः (lajjāśokābdhimadhyagaḥ) - Describes the king as being in a state of profound shame and grief (immersed in the ocean of shame and grief, one who is in the middle of the ocean of shame and grief)
Words meanings and morphology
स (sa) - he (the king) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā
bhāryā - wife
Gerundive
Feminine form of the gerundive of root bhṛ (to bear, support), meaning 'one to be supported/maintained', hence 'wife'.
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
ताम् (tām) - referring to Madālasā (that, her)
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
मृताम् (mṛtām) - dead, deceased
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛta
mṛta - dead, deceased
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root mṛ (to die)
Root: mṛ (class 6)
श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā
Root: śru (class 5)
हृदयेष्टाम् (hṛdayeṣṭām) - beloved, dear to the heart
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of hṛdayeṣṭa
hṛdayeṣṭa - beloved, dear to the heart
Compound: hṛdaya (heart) + iṣṭa (desired, loved)
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (hṛdaya+iṣṭa)
- hṛdaya – heart
noun (neuter) - iṣṭa – desired, loved, worshipped
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root iṣ (to desire, wish)
Root: iṣ (class 6)
मदालसाम् (madālasām) - The name of the king's wife (Madālasā (proper name))
(proper noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of madālasā
madālasā - Madālasā (proper name)
पितरौ (pitarau) - parents (father and mother)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, dual of pitṛ
pitṛ - father
Dual form 'pitarau' refers to both parents.
Note: This is an accusative dual form meaning 'both parents'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
पुरः (puraḥ) - in front, before
(indeclinable)
Note: Sandhi with following word 'dṛṣṭvā' changes `puras` to `puro` in spoken/written form with sandhi.
दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā
Root: dṛś (class 1)
लज्जाशोकाब्धिमध्यगः (lajjāśokābdhimadhyagaḥ) - Describes the king as being in a state of profound shame and grief (immersed in the ocean of shame and grief, one who is in the middle of the ocean of shame and grief)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of lajjāśokābdhimadhyaga
lajjāśokābdhimadhyaga - one who is in the middle of the ocean of shame and grief
Bahuvrīhi compound: one who has shame, grief, ocean, and middle as part of his state. Specifically, one who is in the middle (madhya) of the ocean (abdhi) of shame (lajjā) and grief (śoka).
Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (lajjā+śoka+abdhi+madhya+ga)
- lajjā – shame, embarrassment
noun (feminine) - śoka – grief, sorrow
noun (masculine) - abdhi – ocean, sea
noun (masculine) - madhya – middle, center
noun (neuter) - ga – going, moving, being in
adjective (masculine)
Derived from root gam (to go)
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: The entire compound acts as an adjective modifying 'sa' (he).