मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-23, verse-25
नागराडश्वतर उवाच ।
यद्यशक्यमिति ज्ञात्वा न करिष्यन्ति मानवाः ।
कर्मण्युद्यममुद्योगहान्या हानिस्ततः परम् ॥२५॥
यद्यशक्यमिति ज्ञात्वा न करिष्यन्ति मानवाः ।
कर्मण्युद्यममुद्योगहान्या हानिस्ततः परम् ॥२५॥
25. nāgarāḍaśvatara uvāca .
yadyaśakyamiti jñātvā na kariṣyanti mānavāḥ .
karmaṇyudyamamudyogahānyā hānistataḥ param.
yadyaśakyamiti jñātvā na kariṣyanti mānavāḥ .
karmaṇyudyamamudyogahānyā hānistataḥ param.
25.
nāgarāṭ aśvatara uvāca yadi aśakyam iti jñātvā na
kariṣyanti mānavāḥ karmaṇi udyogahānyā hāniḥ tataḥ param
kariṣyanti mānavāḥ karmaṇi udyogahānyā hāniḥ tataḥ param
25.
The Naga king Aśvatara said: If humans, knowing something to be impossible, do not undertake action (karma), then through the loss of effort, a greater loss will follow.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- नागराट् (nāgarāṭ) - king of Nāgas, Naga king
- अश्वतर (aśvatara) - The specific Naga king named Aśvatara (Aśvatara (a name))
- उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
- यदि (yadi) - if
- अशक्यम् (aśakyam) - something that is deemed impossible (impossible, impracticable)
- इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so (introduces or concludes direct speech or thought)
- ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing
- न (na) - not, no
- करिष्यन्ति (kariṣyanti) - they will not undertake (they will do, they will make)
- मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men
- कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action, in work
- उद्योगहान्या (udyogahānyā) - by the loss of effort, by the cessation of endeavor
- हानिः (hāniḥ) - a greater or subsequent loss (loss, destruction, damage)
- ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, therefore
- परम् (param) - a greater (loss) (after, beyond, greater)
Words meanings and morphology
नागराट् (nāgarāṭ) - king of Nāgas, Naga king
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgarāj
nāgarāj - king of serpents, Naga king
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+rājan)
- nāga – serpent, snake, Naga
noun (masculine) - rājan – king, ruler
noun (masculine)
अश्वतर (aśvatara) - The specific Naga king named Aśvatara (Aśvatara (a name))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatara
aśvatara - a mule; a proper name of a Naga
उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac
Perfect tense form of √vac
Root: vac (class 2)
यदि (yadi) - if
(indeclinable)
अशक्यम् (aśakyam) - something that is deemed impossible (impossible, impracticable)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of aśakya
aśakya - impossible, impracticable, difficult to achieve
Gerundive (karmaṇi prayoga)
Negative particle 'a' + Gerundive 'śakya' (from √śak)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śakya)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - śakya – possible, capable of being done
adjective (neuter)
Gerundive
Derived from √śak with suffix -ya
Root: śak (class 5)
इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so (introduces or concludes direct speech or thought)
(indeclinable)
ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Derived from √jñā with suffix -tvā
Root: jñā (class 9)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
करिष्यन्ति (kariṣyanti) - they will not undertake (they will do, they will make)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of kṛ
Future tense, 3rd person plural of √kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava
mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu
कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action, in work
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of karmaṇ
karmaṇ - action (karma), deed, work, ritual
Root: kṛ
Note: Original term 'karma' included for translation guidance.
उद्योगहान्या (udyogahānyā) - by the loss of effort, by the cessation of endeavor
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of udyogahāni
udyogahāni - loss of effort, failure of exertion, cessation of endeavor
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (udyoga+hāni)
- udyoga – effort, exertion, endeavor, industry
noun (masculine)
Derived from √yuj with prefix ud-
Prefix: ud
Root: yuj (class 7) - hāni – loss, abandonment, destruction, decline
noun (feminine)
Derived from √hā
Root: hā (class 3)
हानिः (hāniḥ) - a greater or subsequent loss (loss, destruction, damage)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of hāni
hāni - loss, abandonment, destruction, decline
Root: hā (class 3)
ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, therefore
(indeclinable)
परम् (param) - a greater (loss) (after, beyond, greater)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of para
para - other, another, chief, supreme, ultimate, greater, after, beyond
Note: Agrees with implied 'hāniḥ' (loss).