मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-23, verse-108
जीवितं गुणिनः श्लाघ्यं जीवन्नेव मृतोऽगुणः ।
गुणवान् निर्वृतिं पित्रोः शत्रुणां हृदयज्वरम् ॥१०८॥
गुणवान् निर्वृतिं पित्रोः शत्रुणां हृदयज्वरम् ॥१०८॥
108. jīvitaṃ guṇinaḥ ślāghyaṃ jīvanneva mṛto'guṇaḥ .
guṇavān nirvṛtiṃ pitroḥ śatruṇāṃ hṛdayajvaram.
guṇavān nirvṛtiṃ pitroḥ śatruṇāṃ hṛdayajvaram.
108.
jīvitam guṇinaḥ ślāghyam jīvan eva mṛtaḥ aguṇaḥ
| guṇavān nirvṛtim pitroḥ śatruṇām hṛdaya-jvaram
| guṇavān nirvṛtim pitroḥ śatruṇām hṛdaya-jvaram
108.
The life of a virtuous person is indeed praiseworthy. A person devoid of virtues is as good as dead even while living. A virtuous person brings joy to their parents and heartache to their enemies.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living
- गुणिनः (guṇinaḥ) - of a virtuous person, of one possessing qualities
- श्लाघ्यम् (ślāghyam) - praiseworthy, commendable, laudable
- जीवन् (jīvan) - living, while living
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, just
- मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead
- अगुणः (aguṇaḥ) - without qualities, devoid of virtues, worthless
- गुणवान् (guṇavān) - a virtuous person, one possessing qualities
- निर्वृतिम् (nirvṛtim) - joy, happiness, satisfaction, contentment
- पित्रोः (pitroḥ) - of the parents
- शत्रुणाम् (śatruṇām) - of the enemies
- हृदय-ज्वरम् (hṛdaya-jvaram) - heartache, fever of the heart
Words meanings and morphology
जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita
jīvita - life, living, livelihood
Past Passive Participle
From root 'jīv' (to live).
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Subject of the first clause (implied verb 'is').
गुणिनः (guṇinaḥ) - of a virtuous person, of one possessing qualities
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of guṇin
guṇin - possessing good qualities, virtuous, skilled
Formed with 'in' suffix indicating possession, from 'guṇa'.
Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.
श्लाघ्यम् (ślāghyam) - praiseworthy, commendable, laudable
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ślāghya
ślāghya - praiseworthy, laudable, to be eulogized
Gerundive (N.P.P.)
From root 'ślāgh' (to praise) + 'ya' suffix.
Root: ślāgh (class 1)
जीवन् (jīvan) - living, while living
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat
jīvat - living, alive
Present Active Participle
From root 'jīv' (to live) + 'śatṛ' suffix.
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Acts adverbially to 'mṛtaḥ'.
एव (eva) - only, indeed, just
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta
mṛta - dead, deceased
Past Passive Participle
From root 'mṛ' (to die) + 'kta' suffix.
Root: mṛ (class 6)
Note: Predicate of the clause 'A person devoid of virtues is as good as dead'.
अगुणः (aguṇaḥ) - without qualities, devoid of virtues, worthless
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aguṇa
aguṇa - devoid of good qualities, worthless, fault
'a' (negative prefix) + 'guṇa' (quality).
गुणवान् (guṇavān) - a virtuous person, one possessing qualities
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇavat
guṇavat - possessing good qualities, virtuous, endowed with virtues
Formed with 'vat' suffix indicating possession, from 'guṇa'.
निर्वृतिम् (nirvṛtim) - joy, happiness, satisfaction, contentment
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of nirvṛti
nirvṛti - joy, happiness, contentment, completion
From 'nir' (prefix) + root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist).
Prefix: nis
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Object of an implied verb like 'brings' or 'causes'.
पित्रोः (pitroḥ) - of the parents
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, dual of pitṛ
pitṛ - father, parent
Genitive dual form.
शत्रुणाम् (śatruṇām) - of the enemies
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of śatru
śatru - enemy, foe, rival
Genitive plural form.
Root: śat
हृदय-ज्वरम् (hṛdaya-jvaram) - heartache, fever of the heart
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of hṛdaya-jvara
hṛdaya-jvara - heartache, sorrow, distress of heart, fever of the heart
Tatpuruṣa compound.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hṛdaya+jvara)
- hṛdaya – heart, mind, core
noun (neuter) - jvara – fever, distress, agitation
noun (masculine)
From root 'jvar' (to be hot, to be ill).
Root: jvar (class 1)