मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-23, verse-36
त्रीणि ज्योतींषि वर्णाश्च त्रयो धर्मागमास्तथा ।
त्रयो गुणास्त्रयः शब्दस्त्रयो वेदास्तथाश्रमाः ॥३६॥
त्रयो गुणास्त्रयः शब्दस्त्रयो वेदास्तथाश्रमाः ॥३६॥
36. trīṇi jyotīṃṣi varṇāśca trayo dharmāgamāstathā .
trayo guṇāstrayaḥ śabdastrayo vedāstathāśramāḥ.
trayo guṇāstrayaḥ śabdastrayo vedāstathāśramāḥ.
36.
trīṇi jyotīṃṣi varṇāḥ ca trayaḥ dharmāgamāḥ tathā |
trayaḥ guṇāḥ trayaḥ śabdaḥ trayaḥ vedāḥ tathā āśramāḥ
trayaḥ guṇāḥ trayaḥ śabdaḥ trayaḥ vedāḥ tathā āśramāḥ
36.
There are three lights, and three social divisions (varṇas); likewise, there are three traditions concerning natural law (dharma). There are three qualities (guṇas), three types of sound, and three Vedas, as well as three stages of life (āśramas).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three
- ज्योतींषि (jyotīṁṣi) - lights, luminaries
- वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social divisions (social classes, colors, letters)
- च (ca) - and, also
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
- धर्मागमाः (dharmāgamāḥ) - traditions/sources of natural law (dharma)
- तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
- गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - the three qualities of sattva, rajas, tamas (qualities, properties, strands)
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
- शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - three types of sound/speech or referring to the Vedas as sacred sound (sound, word, speech)
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
- वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Rig, Yajur, and Sama Vedas (sacred knowledge, Vedas)
- तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly
- आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - the four traditional stages of life (brahmacarya, gārhasthya, vānaprastha, saṃnyāsa) (stages of life)
Words meanings and morphology
त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three
(numeral)
ज्योतींषि (jyotīṁṣi) - lights, luminaries
(noun)
neuter, plural of jyotis
jyotis - light, luster, star, constellation
From root dyut (to shine)
Root: dyut (class 1)
वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social divisions (social classes, colors, letters)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - color, tint, external appearance, form, nature, quality, species, kind, tribe, caste, social class, letter (of alphabet), sound, praise
From root vṛ (to cover, to choose, to describe)
Root: vṛ (class 5)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
(numeral)
धर्मागमाः (dharmāgamāḥ) - traditions/sources of natural law (dharma)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmāgama
dharmāgama - a tradition of law/duty, sources of sacred law, scriptures on dharma
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+āgama)
- dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - āgama – approach, arrival, acquisition, tradition, scripture, sacred doctrine
noun (masculine)
Derived from root gam with upasarga ā
Prefix: ā
Root: gam (class 1)
तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly
(indeclinable)
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
(numeral)
गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - the three qualities of sattva, rajas, tamas (qualities, properties, strands)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa
guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, merit, secondary characteristic, string, strand (of a rope)
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
(numeral)
शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - three types of sound/speech or referring to the Vedas as sacred sound (sound, word, speech)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda
śabda - sound, noise, voice, word, speech, language, a grammatical word, a sacred word
Root: śabd (class 1)
Note: Although grammatically singular, context implies 'three types of sound'.
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
(numeral)
वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Rig, Yajur, and Sama Vedas (sacred knowledge, Vedas)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of veda
veda - sacred knowledge, the Veda (as a collection of texts), the Veda (as divine revelation)
From root vid (to know)
Root: vid (class 2)
तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly
(indeclinable)
आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - the four traditional stages of life (brahmacarya, gārhasthya, vānaprastha, saṃnyāsa) (stages of life)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrama
āśrama - hermitage, monastery, order of life, stage of life
From root śram with upasarga ā
Prefix: ā
Root: śram (class 4)