मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-23, verse-51
सरस्वत्युवाच ।
सप्त स्वरा ग्रामरागाः सप्त पन्नगसत्तम ।
कीतकानि च सप्तैव तावतीश्चापि मूर्च्छनाः ॥५१॥
सप्त स्वरा ग्रामरागाः सप्त पन्नगसत्तम ।
कीतकानि च सप्तैव तावतीश्चापि मूर्च्छनाः ॥५१॥
51. sarasvatyuvāca .
sapta svarā grāmarāgāḥ sapta pannagasattama .
kītakāni ca saptaiva tāvatīścāpi mūrcchanāḥ.
sapta svarā grāmarāgāḥ sapta pannagasattama .
kītakāni ca saptaiva tāvatīścāpi mūrcchanāḥ.
51.
sarasvatī uvāca sapta svarāḥ grāmarāgāḥ sapta pannagasattama
kītakāni ca sapta eva tāvatīḥ ca api mūrcchanāḥ
kītakāni ca sapta eva tāvatīḥ ca api mūrcchanāḥ
51.
Sarasvatī said: "O best of serpents, there are seven musical notes (svara), seven primary melodic modes (grāmarāga), and exactly seven secondary melodic forms (kītaka), and also as many melodic progressions (mūrcchanā)."
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvatī (goddess of learning)
- उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
- सप्त (sapta) - seven
- स्वराः (svarāḥ) - musical notes, tones
- ग्रामरागाः (grāmarāgāḥ) - primary melodic modes, grāma-rāgas
- सप्त (sapta) - seven
- पन्नगसत्तम (pannagasattama) - O best of serpents, O best among Nāgas
- कीतकानि (kītakāni) - secondary melodic forms, kītakas
- च (ca) - and
- सप्त (sapta) - seven
- एव (eva) - even, indeed, only
- तावतीः (tāvatīḥ) - as many, so many
- च (ca) - and
- अपि (api) - also, even
- मूर्च्छनाः (mūrcchanāḥ) - melodic progressions, scales, modulations
Words meanings and morphology
सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvatī (goddess of learning)
(proper noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sarasvatī
sarasvatī - Sarasvatī (goddess of knowledge, music, art, speech, wisdom, and learning)
उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac
Perfect Active
3rd person singular Perfect active
Root: vac (class 2)
सप्त (sapta) - seven
(adjective)
Nominative, plural of sapta
sapta - seven
A numeral adjective, typically indeclinable in composition or when used for counting.
Note: Agrees with 'svarāḥ'.
स्वराः (svarāḥ) - musical notes, tones
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of svara
svara - musical note, tone, sound
Root: svṛ (class 1)
ग्रामरागाः (grāmarāgāḥ) - primary melodic modes, grāma-rāgas
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of grāmarāga
grāmarāga - primary melodic mode, class of rāgas
A compound referring to the ancient Indian musical concept of 'grāma' (scale, community of notes) and 'rāga' (melodic mode).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grāma+rāga)
- grāma – village, group, musical scale
noun (masculine) - rāga – melodic mode, color, passion
noun (masculine)
From root √rañj (to color, delight).
Root: rañj (class 1)
सप्त (sapta) - seven
(adjective)
Nominative, plural of sapta
sapta - seven
A numeral adjective, typically indeclinable in composition or when used for counting.
Note: Agrees with 'grāmarāgāḥ'.
पन्नगसत्तम (pannagasattama) - O best of serpents, O best among Nāgas
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of pannagasattama
pannagasattama - best of serpents
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pannaga+sattama)
- pannaga – serpent, snake
noun (masculine)
From 'pannaga' (moving with a coil or belly, i.e., snake).
Root: gam (class 1) - sattama – best, most excellent
adjective (masculine)
Superlative degree of 'sat' (good, existing).
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Vocative addressing Aśvatara.
कीतकानि (kītakāni) - secondary melodic forms, kītakas
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of kītaka
kītaka - secondary melodic forms, a type of musical composition, insect
In music, refers to minor melodic compositions or variations derived from grāma-rāgas.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
सप्त (sapta) - seven
(adjective)
Nominative, plural of sapta
sapta - seven
A numeral adjective, typically indeclinable in composition or when used for counting.
एव (eva) - even, indeed, only
(indeclinable)
तावतीः (tāvatīḥ) - as many, so many
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of tāvat
tāvat - so much, so many, as many
Feminine accusative plural of 'tāvat'. Agrees with 'mūrcchanāḥ'.
Note: Agrees with 'mūrcchanāḥ'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - also, even
(indeclinable)
मूर्च्छनाः (mūrcchanāḥ) - melodic progressions, scales, modulations
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of mūrcchanā
mūrcchanā - melodic progression, scale, modulation, fainting
In music, a sequence of notes that leads from one pitch to another within a rāga. A specific sequence of 7 notes, one after another.
Root: mūrch (class 1)
Note: The number of mūrcchanāḥ is derived from the number of svaras or grāmas. Hence 'as many' (tāvatīḥ).