मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-23, verse-23
एतत्तस्य परं कार्यं तात तत् केन शक्यते ।
कर्तुमत्यर्थदुष्प्राप्यमीश्वरैः किमुतेतरैः ॥२३॥
कर्तुमत्यर्थदुष्प्राप्यमीश्वरैः किमुतेतरैः ॥२३॥
23. etattasya paraṃ kāryaṃ tāta tat kena śakyate .
kartumatyarthaduṣprāpyamīśvaraiḥ kimutetaraiḥ.
kartumatyarthaduṣprāpyamīśvaraiḥ kimutetaraiḥ.
23.
etat tasya param kāryam tāta tat kena śakyate
kartum atyarthaduṣprāpyam īśvaraiḥ kim uta itaraiḥ
kartum atyarthaduṣprāpyam īśvaraiḥ kim uta itaraiḥ
23.
Dear father, this is his supreme accomplishment. Who could possibly perform such an extremely difficult task? If it is hard even for powerful lords, how much more so for others?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एतत् (etat) - this (neuter)
- तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that
- परम् (param) - supreme, highest, greatest, excellent
- कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, deed, duty, to be done
- तात (tāta) - dear father, sire, my son (term of endearment)
- तत् (tat) - that, therefore, so
- केन (kena) - by whom, by what
- शक्यते (śakyate) - is able, is possible, can be done
- कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to perform, to make
- अत्यर्थदुष्प्राप्यम् (atyarthaduṣprāpyam) - extremely difficult to obtain/achieve
- ईश्वरैः (īśvaraiḥ) - by lords, by powerful ones, by rulers
- किम् (kim) - what? (interrogative particle), how much more, how much less
- उत (uta) - or, and, moreover, how much more/less
- इतरैः (itaraiḥ) - by others, by the rest
Words meanings and morphology
एतत् (etat) - this (neuter)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, that
तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, this
परम् (param) - supreme, highest, greatest, excellent
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of para
para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other
कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, deed, duty, to be done
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya
kārya - task, duty, that which should be done
Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)
Derived from root √kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
तात (tāta) - dear father, sire, my son (term of endearment)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta
tāta - dear father, dear son
तत् (tat) - that, therefore, so
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this
Note: Used here adverbially, meaning 'therefore' or 'in that matter'.
केन (kena) - by whom, by what
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which
शक्यते (śakyate) - is able, is possible, can be done
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √śak
Root: śak (class 5)
कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to perform, to make
(indeclinable)
Infinitive
Infinitive form of root √kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
अत्यर्थदुष्प्राप्यम् (atyarthaduṣprāpyam) - extremely difficult to obtain/achieve
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of atyarthaduṣprāpya
atyarthaduṣprāpya - extremely difficult to obtain
Compound type : karmadhāraya (atyartha+duṣprāpya)
- atyartha – exceedingly, very much, excessive
adjective (neuter) - duṣprāpya – difficult to obtain, hard to reach
adjective (neuter)
Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)
Derived from root √prāp with upasarga dus-
Prefix: dus
Root: prāp (class 5)
ईश्वरैः (īśvaraiḥ) - by lords, by powerful ones, by rulers
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of īśvara
īśvara - lord, master, ruler, powerful
किम् (kim) - what? (interrogative particle), how much more, how much less
(indeclinable)
Note: Used here to imply 'how much more difficult'.
उत (uta) - or, and, moreover, how much more/less
(indeclinable)
Note: Often used with 'kim' to emphasize a rhetorical question.
इतरैः (itaraiḥ) - by others, by the rest
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of itara
itara - other, different