महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-50, verse-65

तमारुह्य रथं तूर्णं कौन्तेयः शत्रुसूदनः ।
कलिङ्गमभिदुद्राव तिष्ठ तिष्ठेति चाब्रवीत् ॥६५॥

65. tamāruhya rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ kaunteyaḥ śatrusūdanaḥ ,
kaliṅgamabhidudrāva tiṣṭha tiṣṭheti cābravīt.

65. tam āruhya ratham tūrṇam kaunteyaḥ śatrusūdanaḥ
kaliṅgam abhidudrāva tiṣṭha tiṣṭha iti ca abravīt

65. kaunteyaḥ śatrusūdanaḥ tam ratham tūrṇam āruhya
kaliṅgam abhidudrāva ca tiṣṭha tiṣṭha iti abravīt

65. Having quickly mounted that chariot, the son of Kuntī (Kaunteya), the destroyer of foes, rushed towards the Kaliṅga king and cried, "Stop! Stop!"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (chariot) (him, that)

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended)

• रथम् (ratham) - a chariot (chariot)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - the son of Kuntī (referring to Bhīma) (son of Kuntī (name))

• शत्रुसूदनः (śatrusūdanaḥ) - destroyer of foes (referring to Bhīma) (destroyer of enemies, foe-slayer)

• कलिङ्गम् (kaliṅgam) - the Kaliṅga king / the Kaliṅga (army) (Kaliṅga (country/people/king))

• अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - rushed towards (rushed towards, attacked)

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Stop! (stand, stop, halt)

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Stop! (stand, stop, halt)

• इति (iti) - (marking quotation) (thus, so, a particle used to introduce or conclude a quotation)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, spoke)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (chariot) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended)

(indeclinable participle)

रथम् (ratham) - a chariot (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root √rā (to go, move).

Root: rā (class 2)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (derived from √tvar)

From root √tvar (to hurry). Used here adverbially.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - the son of Kuntī (referring to Bhīma) (son of Kuntī (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī

Patronymic from Kuntī.

शत्रुसूदनः (śatrusūdanaḥ) - destroyer of foes (referring to Bhīma) (destroyer of enemies, foe-slayer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrusūdana

śatrusūdana - destroyer of enemies

Compound of `śatru` (enemy) and `sūdana` (destroyer, killer).

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (śatru+sūdana)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  From root √śad (to hurt).
  Root: śad (class 1)
• sūdana – destroyer, killer, crushing
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root √sūd (to destroy, kill).
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Adjective qualifying Kaunteya.

कलिङ्गम् (kaliṅgam) - the Kaliṅga king / the Kaliṅga (army) (Kaliṅga (country/people/king))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaliṅga

kaliṅga - The name of a country; an inhabitant or king of that country.

अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - rushed towards (rushed towards, attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of abhidru

Perfect Tense

From root √dru (to run, flow) with prefix abhi. Reduplicated perfect.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Stop! (stand, stop, halt)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative

From root √sthā (to stand), imperative second person singular.

Root: sthā (class 1)

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Stop! (stand, stop, halt)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative

From root √sthā (to stand), imperative second person singular.

Root: sthā (class 1)

इति (iti) - (marking quotation) (thus, so, a particle used to introduce or conclude a quotation)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

From root √brū (to speak), imperfect third person singular with augment 'a'.

Root: brū (class 2)