महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-50, verse-19

ततो भीमो महाबाहुर्विधुन्वन्रुचिरं धनुः ।
योधयामास कालिङ्गान्स्वबाहुबलमाश्रितः ॥१९॥

19. tato bhīmo mahābāhurvidhunvanruciraṁ dhanuḥ ,
yodhayāmāsa kāliṅgānsvabāhubalamāśritaḥ.

19. tataḥ bhīmaḥ mahābāhuḥ vidhunvan ruciraṃ dhanuḥ
yodhayāmāsa kāliṅgān sva-bāhu-balam āśritaḥ

19. tataḥ mahābāhuḥ bhīmaḥ ruciraṃ dhanuḥ vidhunvan
sva-bāhu-balam āśritaḥ kāliṅgān yodhayāmāsa

19. Then, the mighty-armed Bhima, brandishing his splendid bow, engaged the Kalingas in battle, relying on the strength of his own arms.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima, the Pandava prince (Bhima (name of a Pandava prince), terrible, formidable)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed (referring to Bhima) (mighty-armed)

• विधुन्वन् (vidhunvan) - brandishing (shaking, brandishing, agitating)

• रुचिरं (ruciraṁ) - splendid (splendid, beautiful, brilliant)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - fought, engaged in battle (caused to fight, fought, engaged in battle)

• कालिङ्गान् (kāliṅgān) - the Kalingas (an enemy army/people) (the Kalingas (people from the Kalinga region))

• स्व-बाहु-बलम् (sva-bāhu-balam) - strength of his own arms (own arm-strength)

• आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - relying on (relying on, having resorted to, dependent on)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima, the Pandava prince (Bhima (name of a Pandava prince), terrible, formidable)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (proper name), formidable, terrible, fierce

From root bhī (to fear) + ma (kṛt suffix)

Root: bhī (class 3)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed (referring to Bhima) (mighty-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Bhima.

विधुन्वन् (vidhunvan) - brandishing (shaking, brandishing, agitating)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhunvat

vidhunvat - shaking, brandishing, agitating (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

From root dhū (to shake) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Agrees with Bhima.

रुचिरं (ruciraṁ) - splendid (splendid, beautiful, brilliant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rucira

rucira - splendid, beautiful, brilliant, pleasing

From root ruc (to shine, be pleasing) + ira (kṛt suffix).

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhanuḥ.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Note: Object of 'vidhunvan'.

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - fought, engaged in battle (caused to fight, fought, engaged in battle)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yodhaya

Perfect (Lit)

Intensive/Causative of root yudh (to fight). Formed with the suffix āsa (perfect suffix for certain roots/causatives).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: The 'yāmāsa' ending is characteristic of a periphrastic perfect often used with causative stems or certain roots.

कालिङ्गान् (kāliṅgān) - the Kalingas (an enemy army/people) (the Kalingas (people from the Kalinga region))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kāliṅga

kāliṅga - Kalinga (name of a region/people)

Note: Object of 'yodhayāmāsa'.

स्व-बाहु-बलम् (sva-bāhu-balam) - strength of his own arms (own arm-strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva-bāhu-bala

sva-bāhu-bala - own arm-strength

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bāhu+bala)

• sva – own
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'āśritaḥ'.

आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - relying on (relying on, having resorted to, dependent on)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, relying on

Past Passive Participle

From root śri (to resort to, serve) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Bhima. Takes accusative object ('sva-bāhu-balam').