महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-50, verse-17

न चचाल रथोपस्थाद्भीमसेनो महाबलः ।
शितैरवाकिरन्बाणैः कलिङ्गानां वरूथिनीम् ॥१७॥

17. na cacāla rathopasthādbhīmaseno mahābalaḥ ,
śitairavākiranbāṇaiḥ kaliṅgānāṁ varūthinīm.

17. na cacāla rathopasthāt bhīmasenaḥ mahābalaḥ
śitaiḥ avākiran bāṇaiḥ kaliṅgānām varūthinīm

17. mahābalaḥ bhīmasenaḥ rathopasthāt na cacāla
kaliṅgānām varūthinīm śitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ avākiran

17. The mighty Bhimasena did not move from his chariot platform. The Kalingas showered their army with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• चचाल (cacāla) - moved, stirred

• रथोपस्थात् (rathopasthāt) - from the chariot platform, from the stand of the chariot

• भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhimasena

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty, very strong

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

• अवाकिरन् (avākiran) - they showered, they scattered, they poured down

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• कलिङ्गानाम् (kaliṅgānām) - of the Kalingas

• वरूथिनीम् (varūthinīm) - army, host, troops

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

चचाल (cacāla) - moved, stirred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of cal

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

Formed with reduplication of root cal (class 1).

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Subject is bhīmasenaḥ.

रथोपस्थात् (rathopasthāt) - from the chariot platform, from the stand of the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot platform, top of the chariot, part of the chariot where the warrior stands

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• upastha – presence, near, part (of the body or object), lap, platform
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from upa-sthā.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Denotes separation from.

भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (name of a Pandava)

Note: Subject of cacāla.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty, very strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, mighty, possessing great strength

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahat – great, large, extensive
  adjective
  Feminine stem mahā used in compound.
• bala – strength, power, might, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with bhīmasenaḥ.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen, class 4) or śi (to sharpen) + kta suffix.

Root: śo (class 4)

अवाकिरन् (avākiran) - they showered, they scattered, they poured down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of avakṛ

Formed from root kṛ (class 6, to scatter) with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: kṛ (class 6)

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of showering.

कलिङ्गानाम् (kaliṅgānām) - of the Kalingas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaliṅga

kaliṅga - Kalinga (name of a people/kingdom)

Often plural to refer to the people.

Note: Qualifies varūthinīm.

वरूथिनीम् (varūthinīm) - army, host, troops

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of varūthinī

varūthinī - army, host, troop, collection of chariots, protective covering

Root: vṛ (class 5)