महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-50, verse-22

स तया निहतो राजन्कलिङ्गस्य सुतो रथात् ।
सध्वजः सह सूतेन जगाम धरणीतलम् ॥२२॥

22. sa tayā nihato rājankaliṅgasya suto rathāt ,
sadhvajaḥ saha sūtena jagāma dharaṇītalam.

22. saḥ tayā nihataḥ rājan kaliṅgasya sutaḥ rathāt
sa-dhvajaḥ saha sūtena jagāma dharaṇī-talam

22. rājan tayā nihataḥ saḥ kaliṅgasya sutaḥ sa-dhvajaḥ
sūtena saha rathāt dharaṇī-talam jagāma

22. O King, struck down by that mace, the Kalinga's son, with his banner and his charioteer, fell from his chariot to the surface of the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Śakradeva) (he, that)

• तया (tayā) - by that (mace) (by that, by her, by it)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down (struck down, killed, slain)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King! (Addressing Dhritarashtra) (O King!)

• कलिङ्गस्य (kaliṅgasya) - of the Kalinga king (or simply 'the Kalinga's') (of the Kalinga (king/people))

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son (referring to Śakradeva) (son)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from his chariot (from the chariot)

• स-ध्वजः (sa-dhvajaḥ) - along with his banner (with his banner, accompanied by his banner)

• सह (saha) - along with (with, along with, together with)

• सूतेन (sūtena) - with his charioteer (by the charioteer, with the charioteer)

• जगाम (jagāma) - went, fell (to the ground) (went, moved, reached)

• धरणी-तलम् (dharaṇī-talam) - the surface of the earth, the ground (surface of the earth, ground)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Śakradeva) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Śakradeva, who is the subject of falling.

तया (tayā) - by that (mace) (by that, by her, by it)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'gadām' (mace) from the previous verse. Agent of 'nihataḥ'.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down (struck down, killed, slain)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sutaḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King! (Addressing Dhritarashtra) (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

कलिङ्गस्य (kaliṅgasya) - of the Kalinga king (or simply 'the Kalinga's') (of the Kalinga (king/people))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaliṅga

kaliṅga - Kalinga (name of a region/people), a king of Kalinga

Note: Possessive for 'sutaḥ'.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son (referring to Śakradeva) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring

From root su (to give birth, produce) + ta.

Root: su (class 2)

Note: Syntactically, the subject of 'jagāma'.

रथात् (rathāt) - from his chariot (from the chariot)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root ram (to delight) or rā (to give).

Root: ram / rā (class 1)

स-ध्वजः (sa-dhvajaḥ) - along with his banner (with his banner, accompanied by his banner)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadhvaja

sadhvaja - accompanied by his banner, with a flag

From sa (with) + dhvaja (banner).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dhvaja)

• sa – with, accompanied by, possessing
  indeclinable (prefix)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sutaḥ'.

सह (saha) - along with (with, along with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb.

सूतेन (sūtena) - with his charioteer (by the charioteer, with the charioteer)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, carpenter

From root sū (to drive, to impel).

Root: sū (class 1)

जगाम (jagāma) - went, fell (to the ground) (went, moved, reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect (Lit)

From root gam (to go). Perfect form.

Root: gam (class 1)

धरणी-तलम् (dharaṇī-talam) - the surface of the earth, the ground (surface of the earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharaṇī-tala

dharaṇī-tala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharaṇī+tala)

• dharaṇī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• tala – surface, plane, flat ground
  noun (neuter)

Note: Destination of 'jagāma'.