महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-50, verse-109

धृष्टद्युम्नस्तमारोप्य स्वरथे रथिनां वरः ।
पश्यतां सर्वसैन्यानामपोवाह यशस्विनम् ॥१०९॥

109. dhṛṣṭadyumnastamāropya svarathe rathināṁ varaḥ ,
paśyatāṁ sarvasainyānāmapovāha yaśasvinam.

109. dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tam āropya svarathe rathinām
varaḥ paśyatām sarvasainyānām apovāha yaśasvinam

109. rathinām varaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ sarvasainyānām
paśyatām tam yaśasvinam svarathe āropya apovāha

109. Dhrishtadyumna, the foremost among charioteers, seated the glorious (yaśasvin) [Bhimasena] in his own chariot and drove him away, while all the armies looked on.

Words meanings summery:

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Bhimasena. (him)

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed, having seated, having mounted

• स्वरथे (svarathe) - in his own chariot

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest, boon

• पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - of those who were watching, while looking on

• सर्वसैन्यानाम् (sarvasainyānām) - of all the armies

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried away, drove away

• यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - Qualifies Bhimasena. (the glorious one, the famous one)

Words meanings and morphology

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhrishtadyumna (a son of Drupada, brother of Draupadi, commander of the Pāṇḍava army)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhṛṣṭa+dyumna)

• dhṛṣṭa – bold, daring, confident
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √dhṛṣ (to be bold) + kta suffix.
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• dyumna – glory, splendor, wealth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'apovāha'.

तम् (tam) - Refers to Bhimasena. (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed, having seated, having mounted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) of causative

Derived from ā-√ruh (to ascend) + ṇic (causative) + lyap suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

स्वरथे (svarathe) - in his own chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svaratha

svaratha - one's own chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+ratha)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes location.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

Note: Part of the compound 'rathināṁ varaḥ'.

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest, boon

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest; boon, husband

Note: Qualifies 'dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ'.

पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - of those who were watching, while looking on

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, watching, perceiving

Present Active Participle

Derived from √dṛś (to see, class 1, paras.) + śatṛ suffix. Root changes to paśya- in present tense forms.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sarvasainyānām'.

सर्वसैन्यानाम् (sarvasainyānām) - of all the armies

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - all armies, the entire army

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used in a genitive absolute construction with 'paśyatām'.

अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried away, drove away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vah

Perfect (lit)

Form of apa-√vah (class 1, paras.) in the perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - Qualifies Bhimasena. (the glorious one, the famous one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, renowned

Derived from 'yaśas' (glory) + 'vin' suffix.

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Bhimasena).