महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-50, verse-26

कलिङ्गस्तु ततः क्रुद्धो धनुर्ज्यामवमृज्य ह ।
प्रगृह्य च शरं घोरमेकं सर्पविषोपमम् ।
प्राहिणोद्भीमसेनाय वधाकाङ्क्षी जनेश्वरः ॥२६॥

26. kaliṅgastu tataḥ kruddho dhanurjyāmavamṛjya ha ,
pragṛhya ca śaraṁ ghoramekaṁ sarpaviṣopamam ,
prāhiṇodbhīmasenāya vadhākāṅkṣī janeśvaraḥ.

26. kaliṅgaḥ tu tataḥ kruddhaḥ dhanurjyām
avamṛjya ha pragṛhya ca śaram
ghoram ekam sarpaviṣopamam prāhiṇot
bhīmasenāya vadhākāṅkṣī janeśvaraḥ

26. tu tataḥ vadhākāṅkṣī kruddhaḥ kaliṅgaḥ
janeśvaraḥ dhanurjyām avamṛjya
ha ca sarpaviṣopamam ekam ghoram
śaram pragṛhya bhīmasenāya prāhiṇot

26. But then, the Kalinga king (janeśvara), enraged and desirous of killing, twanged his bowstring, and seizing a single dreadful arrow, which was like serpent's venom, he discharged it at Bhimasena.

Words meanings summery:

• कलिङ्गः (kaliṅgaḥ) - The king of Kalinga (Śrutāyuḥ). (Kalinga (the king of Kalinga))

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• धनुर्ज्याम् (dhanurjyām) - bowstring

• अवमृज्य (avamṛjya) - having twanged (the bowstring) (having rubbed, having touched, having twanged)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (expletive particle)

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped

• च (ca) - and

• शरम् (śaram) - arrow

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful

• एकम् (ekam) - one, single

• सर्पविषोपमम् (sarpaviṣopamam) - resembling serpent's venom

• प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he despatched, he hurled

• भीमसेनाय (bhīmasenāya) - to Bhimasena

• वधाकाङ्क्षी (vadhākāṅkṣī) - desirous of killing

• जनेश्वरः (janeśvaraḥ) - The Kalinga king. (lord of men, king)

Words meanings and morphology

कलिङ्गः (kaliṅgaḥ) - The king of Kalinga (Śrutāyuḥ). (Kalinga (the king of Kalinga))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaliṅga

kaliṅga - Kalinga (name of a region/people)

Note: Subject of prāhiṇot.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh- (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies kaliṅgaḥ.

धनुर्ज्याम् (dhanurjyām) - bowstring

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhanurjyā

dhanurjyā - bowstring

Compound of dhanus (bow) and jyā (bowstring).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dhanus+jyā)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• jyā – bowstring, earth
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of avamṛjya.

अवमृज्य (avamṛjya) - having twanged (the bowstring) (having rubbed, having touched, having twanged)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root mṛj- (to rub, wipe) with upasarga ava. Uses the suffix -ya (lyap).

Prefix: ava

Root: mṛj (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (expletive particle)

(indeclinable)

An expletive particle.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root grah- (to seize, take) with upasarga pra. Uses the suffix -ya (lyap).

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

शरम् (śaram) - arrow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed

From root śṛ (to crush, break)

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Object of pragṛhya.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fearful, formidable

Root: ghūr (class 1)

Note: Qualifies śaram.

एकम् (ekam) - one, single

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies śaram.

सर्पविषोपमम् (sarpaviṣopamam) - resembling serpent's venom

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarpaviṣopama

sarpaviṣopama - resembling serpent's poison, venom-like

Compound of sarpa (serpent), viṣa (venom), and upama (comparison).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sarpa+viṣa+upama)

• sarpa – snake, serpent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sṛp (class 1)
• viṣa – poison, venom
  noun (neuter)
• upama – likeness, comparison, similar
  noun/adjective (feminine)

Note: Qualifies śaram.

प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he despatched, he hurled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of hi

Imperfect Tense

From root hi (to send, cast) with upasarga pra. Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. The 'a' augment for past tense merges with 'pra' to form 'prā'.

Prefix: pra

Root: hi (class 5)

भीमसेनाय (bhīmasenāya) - to Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (name of a Pāṇḍava hero, also known as Bhima)

Compound of Bhīma (terrible) and senā (army, leader).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• senā – army, host, weapon; (in names) chief, leader
  noun (feminine)
  Root: si (class 5)

Note: Recipient of the action.

वधाकाङ्क्षी (vadhākāṅkṣī) - desirous of killing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhākāṅkṣin

vadhākāṅkṣin - desirous of killing, wishing to slay

Compound of vadha (killing) and ākaṅkṣin (desirous of).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vadha+ākaṅkṣin)

• vadha – killing, slaying, murder
  noun (masculine)
  From root han- (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• ākaṅkṣin – desirous of, longing for
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from desiderative
  From root kāṅkṣ (to desire) with upasarga ā. The -n is part of the agent suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies janeśvaraḥ.

जनेश्वरः (janeśvaraḥ) - The Kalinga king. (lord of men, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - king, ruler of men, lord of people

Compound of jana (people) and īśvara (lord, ruler).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (jana+īśvara)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Subject of prāhiṇot.