महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-50, verse-16

सर्वैः कलिङ्गैरासन्नः संनिवृत्तेषु चेदिषु ।
स्वबाहुबलमास्थाय न न्यवर्तत पाण्डवः ॥१६॥

16. sarvaiḥ kaliṅgairāsannaḥ saṁnivṛtteṣu cediṣu ,
svabāhubalamāsthāya na nyavartata pāṇḍavaḥ.

16. sarvaiḥ kaliṅgaiḥ āsannaḥ saṃnivṛtteṣu cediṣu
svabāhubalam āsthāya na nyavartata pāṇḍavaḥ

16. cediṣu saṃnivṛtteṣu (satsu) pāṇḍavaḥ sarvaiḥ kaliṅgaiḥ
āsannaḥ (san) svabāhubalam āsthāya na nyavartata

16. Even when the Cedis had retreated, the Pandava (Bhimasena), surrounded by all the Kalingas, relied on his own arm-strength and did not retreat.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

• कलिङ्गैः (kaliṅgaiḥ) - by the Kalingas (people of Kalinga)

• आसन्नः (āsannaḥ) - surrounded (by enemies) (approached, near, surrounded)

• संनिवृत्तेषु (saṁnivṛtteṣu) - when the Cedis had retreated (in those who had retreated, when the retreated ones)

• चेदिषु (cediṣu) - among the Cedis, when the Cedis

• स्वबाहुबलम् (svabāhubalam) - his own arm-strength

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having relied upon, having resorted to, having taken a stand

• न (na) - not

• न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - he did not retreat, he did not turn back

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pandava, referring to Bhimasena (the Pandava (son of Pandu))

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with kaliṅgaiḥ.

कलिङ्गैः (kaliṅgaiḥ) - by the Kalingas (people of Kalinga)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaliṅga

kaliṅga - Kalinga (name of a people/kingdom)

Often plural to refer to the people.

Note: Expresses agency or accompaniment.

आसन्नः (āsannaḥ) - surrounded (by enemies) (approached, near, surrounded)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsanna

āsanna - near, approached, present, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root sad (class 1) with prefix ā- and kta suffix. (ā-sad meaning to approach).

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the Pandava.

संनिवृत्तेषु (saṁnivṛtteṣu) - when the Cedis had retreated (in those who had retreated, when the retreated ones)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṃnivṛtta

saṁnivṛtta - retreated, turned back, returned

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root vṛt (class 1) with prefixes sam- and ni- and kta suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with cediṣu.

चेदिषु (cediṣu) - among the Cedis, when the Cedis

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of cedi

cedi - the Cedi (name of a people/kingdom)

Often plural to refer to the people.

स्वबाहुबलम् (svabāhubalam) - his own arm-strength

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svabāhubala

svabāhubala - one's own arm-strength, strength of one's own arms

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bāhubala)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• bāhubala – arm-strength, strength of arms
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of āsthāya.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having relied upon, having resorted to, having taken a stand

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root sthā (class 1) with prefix ā- and suffix -ya (lyap).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - he did not retreat, he did not turn back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of nivṛt

Formed from root vṛt (class 1) with prefix ni-. ni-vṛt means to turn back, retreat, cease.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pandava, referring to Bhimasena (the Pandava (son of Pandu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu

Derived from Pandu with patronymic suffix.

Note: Subject of nyavartata.