महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-50, verse-23

हतमात्मसुतं दृष्ट्वा कलिङ्गानां जनाधिपः ।
रथैरनेकसाहस्रैर्भीमस्यावारयद्दिशः ॥२३॥

23. hatamātmasutaṁ dṛṣṭvā kaliṅgānāṁ janādhipaḥ ,
rathairanekasāhasrairbhīmasyāvārayaddiśaḥ.

23. hatam ātmasutam dṛṣṭvā kaliṅgānām janādhipaḥ
rathaiḥ anekasāhasraiḥ bhīmasya avārayat diśaḥ

23. kaliṅgānām janādhipaḥ ātmasutam hatam dṛṣṭvā
anekasāhasraiḥ rathaiḥ bhīmasya diśaḥ avārayat

23. Upon seeing his own son slain, the king of the Kalingas, with many thousands of chariots, obstructed Bhima's movements in all directions.

Words meanings summery:

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

• आत्मसुतम् (ātmasutam) - own son

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• कलिङ्गानाम् (kaliṅgānām) - of the Kalingas

• जनाधिपः (janādhipaḥ) - The king of the Kalingas (specifically Śrutāyuḥ, implied from context) (king, lord of people)

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots

• अनेकसाहस्रैः (anekasāhasraiḥ) - with many thousands

• भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhima

• अवारयत् (avārayat) - obstructed, checked, stopped

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

Words meanings and morphology

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, smitten, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han- (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

आत्मसुतम् (ātmasutam) - own son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmasuta

ātmasuta - own son

Compound of ātman (self) and suta (son).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ātman+suta)

• ātman – self, soul, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• suta – son, begotten
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root su- (to beget)
  Root: su (class 2)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś- (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कलिङ्गानाम् (kaliṅgānām) - of the Kalingas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaliṅga

kaliṅga - Kalinga (name of a region/people)

जनाधिपः (janādhipaḥ) - The king of the Kalingas (specifically Śrutāyuḥ, implied from context) (king, lord of people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - king, lord of men, ruler

Compound of jana (people) and adhipa (ruler).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of avārayat.

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Means of action.

अनेकसाहस्रैः (anekasāhasraiḥ) - with many thousands

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anekasāhasra

anekasāhasra - consisting of many thousands, numerous thousands

Compound of aneka (many) and sāhasra (thousand, consisting of a thousand).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (aneka+sāhasra)

• aneka – many, not one, numerous
  adjective
  Compound of a (not) and eka (one)
• sāhasra – thousand, consisting of a thousand
  adjective
  Derived from sahasra (thousand)

Note: Qualifies rathaiḥ.

भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhima

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable; name of a Pāṇḍava hero

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Possessive, related to diśaḥ.

अवारयत् (avārayat) - obstructed, checked, stopped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vāraya

Causative verb form, Imperfect Tense

From root vṛ (to cover, enclose, choose) with causative suffix -aya. The 'a' is an augment for past tense.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of avārayat.