महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-17, verse-97

आरुरोह रथं चापि सूतपुत्रप्रतापितः ।
निःश्वसन्दुःखसंतप्तः कुम्भे क्षिप्त इवोरगः ॥९७॥

97. āruroha rathaṁ cāpi sūtaputrapratāpitaḥ ,
niḥśvasanduḥkhasaṁtaptaḥ kumbhe kṣipta ivoragaḥ.

97. āruruha ratham ca api sūtaputrapratāpitaḥ
niḥśvasan duḥkhasaṃtaptaḥ kumbhe kṣiptaḥ iva uragaḥ

97. sūtaputrapratāpitaḥ niḥśvasan duḥkhasaṃtaptaḥ
ca api ratham āruruha kumbhe kṣiptaḥ iva uragaḥ

97. Deeply tormented by the son of Sūta (sūtaputra) and afflicted by sorrow, he ascended the chariot, sighing like a serpent thrown into a jar.

Words meanings summery:

• आरुरुह (āruruha) - ascended, mounted

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• सूतपुत्रप्रतापितः (sūtaputrapratāpitaḥ) - tormented by Karṇa (tormented/vexed by the son of Sūta (Karṇa))

• निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing deeply, heaving a sigh

• दुःखसंतप्तः (duḥkhasaṁtaptaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow, deeply distressed by misery

• कुम्भे (kumbhe) - in a pot, in a jar

• क्षिप्तः (kṣiptaḥ) - thrown, cast, hurled

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• उरगः (uragaḥ) - snake, serpent

Words meanings and morphology

आरुरुह (āruruha) - ascended, mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of ā-ruh

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated form (Perfect) of root `ruh` with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

सूतपुत्रप्रतापितः (sūtaputrapratāpitaḥ) - tormented by Karṇa (tormented/vexed by the son of Sūta (Karṇa))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputrapratāpita

sūtaputrapratāpita - tormented by the son of Sūta

Compound of `sūtaputra` and `pratāpita`. `pratāpita` is a past passive participle.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūtaputra+pratāpita)

• sūtaputra – son of a charioteer (Karṇa)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of Sūta (charioteer) and Putra (son)
• pratāpita – tormented, vexed, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `tap` with prefix `pra`, causal form `tāpayati` then participle.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: tap (class 1)

निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing deeply, heaving a sigh

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥ-śvasat

niḥ-śvasat - sighing, breathing out

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `śvas` with prefix `niḥ`.

Prefix: niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Used as an adjective describing the subject.

दुःखसंतप्तः (duḥkhasaṁtaptaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow, deeply distressed by misery

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhasaṃtapta

duḥkhasaṁtapta - afflicted by sorrow

Compound of `duḥkha` (sorrow) and `saṃtapta` (afflicted). `saṃtapta` is a past passive participle.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+saṃtapta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, misery, pain
  noun (neuter)
• saṃtapta – tormented, afflicted, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `tap` with prefix `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

कुम्भे (kumbhe) - in a pot, in a jar

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kumbha

kumbha - pot, jar, pitcher

क्षिप्तः (kṣiptaḥ) - thrown, cast, hurled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣipta

kṣipta - thrown, cast, flung, put

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `kṣip`.

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Refers to the `uragaḥ`

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

उरगः (uragaḥ) - snake, serpent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uraga

uraga - snake, serpent (literally 'breast-goer')