महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-17, verse-120

तापयामास तान्बाणैः सूतपुत्रो महारथः ।
मध्यंदिनमनुप्राप्तो भूतानीव तमोनुदः ॥१२०॥

120. tāpayāmāsa tānbāṇaiḥ sūtaputro mahārathaḥ ,
madhyaṁdinamanuprāpto bhūtānīva tamonudaḥ.

120. tāpayāmāsa tān bāṇaiḥ sūtaputraḥ mahārathaḥ
madhyaṃdinam anuprāptaḥ bhūtāni iva tamonudaḥ

120. sūtaputraḥ mahārathaḥ tān bāṇaiḥ tāpayāmāsa
madhyaṃdinam anuprāptaḥ tamonudaḥ bhūtāni iva

120. Karna, the son of a charioteer (sūtaputra) and great chariot-warrior (mahāratha), tormented them with his arrows, just as the sun (tamonuda), having reached midday (madhyaṃdina), scorches all living beings.

Words meanings summery:

• तापयामास (tāpayāmāsa) - he tormented, he scorched, he caused to suffer

• तान् (tān) - the Pancala great chariot-warriors (them)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karna, the son of a charioteer (the son of a charioteer)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Karna, the great chariot-warrior (the great charioteer, great warrior)

• मध्यंदिनम् (madhyaṁdinam) - midday, noon

• अनुप्राप्तः (anuprāptaḥ) - having reached, having attained

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - living beings, creatures, elements

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• तमोनुदः (tamonudaḥ) - the sun (dispeller of darkness (the sun))

Words meanings and morphology

तापयामास (tāpayāmāsa) - he tormented, he scorched, he caused to suffer

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of tāpaya

Periphrastic Perfect

Periphrastic perfect 3rd person singular active of root 'tap' (to heat, suffer) in its causative form.

Root: tap (class 1)

तान् (tān) - the Pancala great chariot-warriors (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karna, the son of a charioteer (the son of a charioteer)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Karna, the great chariot-warrior (the great charioteer, great warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great charioteer

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in compounds)
  noun (masculine)

मध्यंदिनम् (madhyaṁdinam) - midday, noon

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhyaṃdina

madhyaṁdina - midday, noon

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhya+dina)

• madhya – middle, central
  adjective
• dina – day
  noun (neuter)

अनुप्राप्तः (anuprāptaḥ) - having reached, having attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuprāpta

anuprāpta - reached, attained, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefixes 'anu-' and 'pra-'.

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - living beings, creatures, elements

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - living being, creature, element, past

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

तमोनुदः (tamonudaḥ) - the sun (dispeller of darkness (the sun))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tamonuda

tamonuda - dispeller of darkness, the sun

Compound type : tatpurusha (tamas+nuda)

• tamas – darkness
  noun (neuter)
• nuda – dispelling, driving away
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Gerundive derivative
  Derived from root 'nud' (to push, remove, dispel).
  Root: nud (class 6)