महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-17, verse-88

तमुद्यतं महाघोरं परिघं तस्य सूतजः ।
व्यहनत्सायकै राजञ्शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः ॥८८॥

88. tamudyataṁ mahāghoraṁ parighaṁ tasya sūtajaḥ ,
vyahanatsāyakai rājañśataśo'tha sahasraśaḥ.

88. taṃ udyataṃ mahāghoraṃ parighaṃ tasya sūtajaḥ
vyahanat sāyakaiḥ rājan śataśaḥ atha sahasraśaḥ

88. rājan atha sūtajaḥ tasya udyataṃ mahāghoraṃ taṃ
parighaṃ sāyakaiḥ śataśaḥ sahasraśaḥ vyahanat

88. Then, O king, the son of Sūta (Karṇa) struck that greatly dreadful mace, which had been raised by the opponent, with hundreds and thousands of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तं (taṁ) - that

• उद्यतं (udyataṁ) - raised, lifted, prepared

• महाघोरं (mahāghoraṁ) - greatly terrible, very dreadful

• परिघं (parighaṁ) - mace, club, iron bar

• तस्य (tasya) - of the opponent (his, of him, of that)

• सूतजः (sūtajaḥ) - Karṇa (as he was raised by a charioteer) (son of a charioteer)

• व्यहनत् (vyahanat) - struck, hit, destroyed

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressing the listener, likely Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

Words meanings and morphology

तं (taṁ) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to 'parighaṃ'.

उद्यतं (udyataṁ) - raised, lifted, prepared

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udyata

udyata - raised, lifted, prepared, ready

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain, hold) with prefix 'ud'.

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the mace.

महाघोरं (mahāghoraṁ) - greatly terrible, very dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāghora

mahāghora - greatly terrible, very dreadful, extremely formidable

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ghora)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of 'mahat' (great), used as an intensifying prefix.
• ghora – dreadful, terrible, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: ghū (class 1)

Note: Describes the nature of the mace.

परिघं (parighaṁ) - mace, club, iron bar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parigha

parigha - mace, club, iron bar

Derived from root 'han' with prefix 'pari' by kṛt suffix 'gha'.

Prefix: pari

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vyahanat'.

तस्य (tasya) - of the opponent (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to the opponent who raised the mace.

सूतजः (sūtajaḥ) - Karṇa (as he was raised by a charioteer) (son of a charioteer)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaja

sūtaja - son of a charioteer

`sūta` (charioteer) + `ja` (born from).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+ja)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 1)
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The subject of the verb 'vyahanat'.

व्यहनत् (vyahanat) - struck, hit, destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of vyahan

Imperfect

Root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The main verb of the sentence.

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow

Derived from root 'ṣi' (to throw) or 'sā' (to sharpen).

Root: ṣi/sā (class 3)

Note: Describes the means by which the mace was struck.

राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressing the listener, likely Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

`rājan` is a consonant-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addresses the listener.

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'śata' (hundred) with the adverbial suffix 'śaḥ'.

Note: Modifies 'vyahanat'.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'sahasra' (thousand) with the adverbial suffix 'śaḥ'.

Note: Modifies 'vyahanat', intensifying the number of arrows.