महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-17, verse-31

तौ समेतौ महायुद्धे दृष्ट्वा तत्र नराधिपाः ।
सिंहनादरवांश्चक्रुर्वासांस्यादुधुवुश्च ह ॥३१॥

31. tau sametau mahāyuddhe dṛṣṭvā tatra narādhipāḥ ,
siṁhanādaravāṁścakrurvāsāṁsyādudhuvuśca ha.

31. tau samētau mahāyuddhē dṛṣṭvā tatra narādhipāḥ
siṃhanādaravān cakruḥ vāsāṃsi ādhudhuvuḥ ca ha

31. tatra narādhipāḥ tau mahāyuddhē samētau dṛṣṭvā,
siṃhanādaravān cakruḥ,
ca vāsāṃsi ādhudhuvuḥ ha.

31. Having witnessed those two engaged in the great battle there, the kings (nara-adhipāḥ) let out lion-like roars and indeed waved their garments.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two (Sahadeva and Duḥśāsana) (those two)

• समेतौ (samētau) - engaged (in battle) (having met, joined, engaged)

• महायुद्धे (mahāyuddhē) - in the mighty combat (in the great battle)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having observed (having seen)

• तत्र (tatra) - at that location on the battlefield (there, in that place)

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - the kings and chieftains (on the battlefield) (kings, rulers of men)

• सिंहनादरवान् (siṁhanādaravān) - loud roars like those of lions (lion-like roars)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they uttered, they produced (they made, they did)

• वासांसि (vāsāṁsi) - clothes (garments, clothes)

• आधुधुवुः (ādhudhuvuḥ) - they waved (their garments) (they waved, they shook)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ह (ha) - an emphatic particle (indeed, verily)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two (Sahadeva and Duḥśāsana) (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Dual form of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

समेतौ (samētau) - engaged (in battle) (having met, joined, engaged)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, dual of samēta

samēta - met, joined, united, engaged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'sam', past passive participle in masculine dual.

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Adjective-like participle agreeing with 'tau'.

महायुद्धे (mahāyuddhē) - in the mighty combat (in the great battle)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāyuddha

mahāyuddha - great battle, mighty war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+yuddha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• yuddha – battle, war, fight
  noun (neuter)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having observed (having seen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'dṛś', forming an absolutive with '-tvā' suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

तत्र (tatra) - at that location on the battlefield (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - the kings and chieftains (on the battlefield) (kings, rulers of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord
  noun (masculine)

सिंहनादरवान् (siṁhanādaravān) - loud roars like those of lions (lion-like roars)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of siṃhanādarava

siṁhanādarava - lion's roar, roar like a lion

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (siṃhanāda+rava)

• siṃhanāda – lion's roar
  compound noun (masculine)
• rava – roar, sound, cry
  noun (masculine)

Note: Derived from `siṃhanāda` + `rava`. The form `ravān` indicates accusative plural.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they uttered, they produced (they made, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural active.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वासांसि (vāsāṁsi) - clothes (garments, clothes)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vāsas

vāsas - garment, clothing, dwelling

आधुधुवुः (ādhudhuvuḥ) - they waved (their garments) (they waved, they shook)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ādhudhuvuḥ

perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural active, from root 'dhu' with upasarga 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: dhu (class 5)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

ह (ha) - an emphatic particle (indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Expletive/emphatic particle.