महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-17, verse-116

महान्व्यतिकरो रौद्रो योधानामन्वदृश्यत ।
कर्णसायकनुन्नानां हतानां निशितैः शरैः ॥११६॥

116. mahānvyatikaro raudro yodhānāmanvadṛśyata ,
karṇasāyakanunnānāṁ hatānāṁ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

116. mahān vyatikaraḥ raudraḥ yodhānām anvadṛśyata
karṇasāyakanunnānām hatānām niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ

116. mahān raudraḥ vyatikaraḥ yodhānām karṇasāyakanunnānām
hatānām niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ anvadṛśyata

116. A great and dreadful slaughter (vyatikaraḥ) of warriors was seen, of those killed by sharp arrows propelled by Karṇa's arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

• व्यतिकरः (vyatikaraḥ) - In a battlefield context, refers to a dreadful scene of slaughter and confusion. (confusion, turmoil, great clash, slaughter, mixture)

• रौद्रः (raudraḥ) - dreadful, fierce, terrible, awful

• योधानाम् (yodhānām) - of warriors, of fighters

• अन्वदृश्यत (anvadṛśyata) - was seen, became visible

• कर्णसायकनुन्नानाम् (karṇasāyakanunnānām) - Refers to the warriors who were hit by Karṇa's arrows. (of those struck/propelled by Karṇa's arrows)

• हतानाम् (hatānām) - of the killed, of the slain

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Modifies 'vyatikaraḥ'.

व्यतिकरः (vyatikaraḥ) - In a battlefield context, refers to a dreadful scene of slaughter and confusion. (confusion, turmoil, great clash, slaughter, mixture)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikara

vyatikara - confusion, medley, great clash, slaughter, intermixture

From root kṛ (to do, make) with prefixes vi and ati.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'anvadṛśyata'.

रौद्रः (raudraḥ) - dreadful, fierce, terrible, awful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raudra

raudra - dreadful, fierce, terrible, awful, belonging to Rudra

From Rudra (god).

Note: Modifies 'vyatikaraḥ'.

योधानाम् (yodhānām) - of warriors, of fighters

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

From root yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Possessive or partitive genitive for 'vyatikaraḥ'.

अन्वदृश्यत (anvadṛśyata) - was seen, became visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (Laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

From root dṛś (to see), with prefix anu. Passive voice.

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

कर्णसायकनुन्नानाम् (karṇasāyakanunnānām) - Refers to the warriors who were hit by Karṇa's arrows. (of those struck/propelled by Karṇa's arrows)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of karṇasāyakanunna

karṇasāyakanunna - struck by Karṇa's arrows, pierced by Karṇa's arrows

Compound of Karṇa (proper noun), sāyaka (arrow), and nunna (propelled, struck).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karṇa+sāyaka+nunna)

• karṇa – Karṇa (proper noun), ear
  proper noun (masculine)
• sāyaka – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
  From root si (to bind, project).
  Root: si (class 4)
• nunna – propelled, pushed, struck
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root nud (to push, propel).
  Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'yodhānām'.

हतानाम् (hatānām) - of the killed, of the slain

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'yodhānām'.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

From root śi (to sharpen) with prefix ni (down, thoroughly).

Prefix: ni

Root: śi (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

From root śṝ (to injure).

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Instrument of action for 'hatānām' and 'karṇasāyakanunnānām'.