महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-17, verse-48

नकुलं रभसं युद्धे दारयन्तं वरूथिनीम् ।
कर्णो वैकर्तनो राजन्वारयामास वै तदा ॥४८॥

48. nakulaṁ rabhasaṁ yuddhe dārayantaṁ varūthinīm ,
karṇo vaikartano rājanvārayāmāsa vai tadā.

48. nakulam rabhasam yuddhe dārayantam varūthinīm
karṇaḥ vaikartanaḥ rājan vārayām āsa vai tadā

48. rājan tadā vai vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ yuddhe rabhasam
varūthinīm dārayantam nakulam vārayām āsa

48. O King (rājan), then Karṇa, the son of Vīkartana (Vaikartana), indeed restrained Nakula, who was impetuous in battle and tearing apart the enemy host.

Words meanings summery:

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - Son of Pāṇḍu, one of the five Pāṇḍavas. (Nakula)

• रभसम् (rabhasam) - Nakula being impetuous. (impetuous, vehement, fierce, quick)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in combat

• दारयन्तम् (dārayantam) - Nakula tearing apart the army. (tearing apart, splitting, rending, causing to burst)

• वरूथिनीम् (varūthinīm) - The enemy army. (army, host, troop; protective armour)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Son of Sūrya and Kuntī, a great warrior for the Kauravas. (Karṇa)

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Epithet identifying Karṇa as the son of the Sun god. (son of Vīkartana (Sūrya), an epithet for Karṇa)

• राजन् (rājan) - Vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O King)

• वारयाम् (vārayām) - Part of the periphrastic perfect `vārayām āsa`. (restrained, checked, prevented)

• आस (āsa) - Auxiliary verb, completing the periphrastic perfect with `vārayām`. (was, became)

• वै (vai) - Emphasizes the action of restraining. (indeed, certainly, verily)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

नकुलम् (nakulam) - Son of Pāṇḍu, one of the five Pāṇḍavas. (Nakula)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (name of one of the Pāṇḍavas); mongoose

Note: Object of the verb `vārayām āsa`.

रभसम् (rabhasam) - Nakula being impetuous. (impetuous, vehement, fierce, quick)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rabhasa

rabhasa - impetuous, violent, vehement, fierce; speed, impetuosity

From root `rabh` (to seize, undertake).

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `nakulam`.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

Past Passive Participle (originally from `yudh` to fight) but here a noun.

From root `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

दारयन्तम् (dārayantam) - Nakula tearing apart the army. (tearing apart, splitting, rending, causing to burst)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dārayat

dārayat - tearing, splitting, rending; one who causes to burst

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From causative stem `dāray` of root `dṛ` (to tear, split).

Root: dṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `nakulam`.

वरूथिनीम् (varūthinīm) - The enemy army. (army, host, troop; protective armour)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of varūthinī

varūthinī - army, host, troops; defensive armour, shield

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Object of `dārayantam`.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Son of Sūrya and Kuntī, a great warrior for the Kauravas. (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a hero); ear

Note: Subject of `vārayām āsa`.

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Epithet identifying Karṇa as the son of the Sun god. (son of Vīkartana (Sūrya), an epithet for Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - relating to Vīkartana; son of Vīkartana (an epithet for Karṇa as son of Sūrya, the sun god)

From `vikartana` (an epithet for the sun) with `aṇ` suffix.

Note: Agrees with `karṇaḥ`.

राजन् (rājan) - Vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

वारयाम् (vārayām) - Part of the periphrastic perfect `vārayām āsa`. (restrained, checked, prevented)

(verb)

active

Part of periphrastic perfect (Am-suffix).

The suffix `ām` is added to certain roots (mostly causative stems) to form the first part of the periphrastic perfect. Causative stem of `vṛ` is `vāray`.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Used with `āsa` to form the periphrastic perfect.

आस (āsa) - Auxiliary verb, completing the periphrastic perfect with `vārayām`. (was, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of as

Perfect active (auxiliary)

3rd singular active perfect form of `as` (to be), used as an auxiliary for periphrastic perfects.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for the periphrastic perfect.

वै (vai) - Emphasizes the action of restraining. (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from pronominal stem `tad`.