महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-17, verse-87

हताश्वो विरथश्चैव विवर्मा च विशां पते ।
अवतीर्य रथात्तूर्णं परिघं गृह्य विष्ठितः ॥८७॥

87. hatāśvo virathaścaiva vivarmā ca viśāṁ pate ,
avatīrya rathāttūrṇaṁ parighaṁ gṛhya viṣṭhitaḥ.

87. hata aśvaḥ virathaḥ ca eva vivarmā ca viśāṃ pate
avatīrya rathāt tūrṇaṃ parighaṃ gṛhya viṣṭhitaḥ

87. viśāṃ pate hatāśvaḥ virathaḥ ca eva vivarmā ca
tūrṇaṃ rathāt avatīrya parighaṃ gṛhya viṣṭhitaḥ

87. O lord of people, with his horses slain, chariotless, and without armor, he swiftly descended from his chariot and stood, grasping a mace.

Words meanings summery:

• हताश्वः (hatāśvaḥ) - (the opponent) whose horses were killed (whose horses are killed, having killed horses)

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariots-less, without a chariot

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• विवर्मा (vivarmā) - without armor

• च (ca) - and

• विशां (viśāṁ) - of people, of subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly, swiftly

• परिघं (parighaṁ) - mace, club, iron bar

• गृह्य (gṛhya) - having taken, grasping

• विष्ठितः (viṣṭhitaḥ) - stood, took up a position

Words meanings and morphology

हताश्वः (hatāśvaḥ) - (the opponent) whose horses were killed (whose horses are killed, having killed horses)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - one whose horses are killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, slain
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariots-less, without a chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot, chariots-less

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Adds emphasis.

विवर्मा (vivarmā) - without armor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivarman

vivarman - without armor, armor-less

From 'vi' (without) + 'varman' (armor).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+varman)

• vi – without, apart
  indeclinable
• varman – armor, mail
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विशां (viśāṁ) - of people, of subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

`viś` is a feminine noun.

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Forms part of the vocative compound 'viśāṃ pate'.

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addresses the listener.

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'tṛ' (to cross, pass) with prefix 'ava' and suffix 'ya'.

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Connects to 'viṣṭhitaḥ'.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: The source from which the descent occurred.

तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'tvar' (to hasten). Used here adverbially.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of descending.

परिघं (parighaṁ) - mace, club, iron bar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parigha

parigha - mace, club, iron bar

Derived from root 'han' with prefix 'pari' by kṛt suffix 'gha'.

Prefix: pari

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object of 'gṛhya'.

गृह्य (gṛhya) - having taken, grasping

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'grah' (to seize, take) with suffix 'ya'.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Connects to 'viṣṭhitaḥ'.

विष्ठितः (viṣṭhitaḥ) - stood, took up a position

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣṭhita

viṣṭhita - stood, established, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The main action performed by the subject.