महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-17, verse-23

नागानां प्रस्फुटुः कुम्भा मर्माणि विविधानि च ।
दन्ताश्चैवातिविद्धानां नाराचैर्भूषणानि च ॥२३॥

23. nāgānāṁ prasphuṭuḥ kumbhā marmāṇi vividhāni ca ,
dantāścaivātividdhānāṁ nārācairbhūṣaṇāni ca.

23. nāgānām prasphuṭuḥ kumbhāḥ marmāṇi vividhāni ca
dantāḥ ca eva atividdhānām nārācaiḥ bhūṣaṇāni ca

23. The frontal protuberances and various vital spots of the elephants burst open. Also, the tusks and ornaments of those elephants that were heavily pierced by iron arrows were shattered.

Words meanings summery:

• नागानाम् (nāgānām) - of the elephants (of the elephants, of serpents (or Nāgas))

• प्रस्फुटुः (prasphuṭuḥ) - they burst open, they split, they shattered

• कुम्भाः (kumbhāḥ) - frontal protuberances (on the elephants' heads) (frontal protuberances (of elephants), temples, pots)

• मर्माणि (marmāṇi) - vital spots, vulnerable points

• विविधानि (vividhāni) - various, manifold, diverse

• च (ca) - and

• दन्ताः (dantāḥ) - tusks (of the elephants) (tusks, teeth)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, even

• अतिविद्धानाम् (atividdhānām) - of those elephants that were heavily pierced (of those greatly pierced, of those excessively struck)

• नाराचैः (nārācaiḥ) - by iron arrows, by iron shafts

• भूषणानि (bhūṣaṇāni) - ornaments (on the elephants) (ornaments, decorations)

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

नागानाम् (nāgānām) - of the elephants (of the elephants, of serpents (or Nāgas))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - elephant, serpent, mountain

Note: Possessive for 'kumbhāḥ' and 'marmāṇi'.

प्रस्फुटुः (prasphuṭuḥ) - they burst open, they split, they shattered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sphuṭ

Perfect Active

Root √sphuṭ (to burst), with prefix 'pra-', perfect 3rd person plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: sphuṭ (class 6)

Note: Verb for 'kumbhāḥ' and 'marmāṇi'.

कुम्भाः (kumbhāḥ) - frontal protuberances (on the elephants' heads) (frontal protuberances (of elephants), temples, pots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kumbha

kumbha - pot, pitcher; frontal protuberance on an elephant's head (temple)

Note: Subject of 'prasphuṭuḥ'.

मर्माणि (marmāṇi) - vital spots, vulnerable points

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of marman

marman - vital spot, vulnerable point, joint

Note: Another subject of 'prasphuṭuḥ'.

विविधानि (vividhāni) - various, manifold, diverse

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse

Note: Qualifies 'marmāṇi'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kumbhāḥ' and 'marmāṇi'.

दन्ताः (dantāḥ) - tusks (of the elephants) (tusks, teeth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of danta

danta - tooth, tusk

Note: Another subject implied for 'prasphuṭuḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizing particle.

अतिविद्धानाम् (atividdhānām) - of those elephants that were heavily pierced (of those greatly pierced, of those excessively struck)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of atividdha

atividdha - greatly pierced, excessively struck

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'ati-' (exceedingly) and 'viddha' (pierced, struck). 'viddha' is from root √vyadh (to pierce, strike).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+viddha)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, excessively
  indeclinable
• viddha – pierced, struck, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vyadh (to pierce, strike).
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the elephants (nāgānām).

नाराचैः (nārācaiḥ) - by iron arrows, by iron shafts

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nārāca

nārāca - iron arrow, steel shaft

Note: Instrument by which the piercing occurred.

भूषणानि (bhūṣaṇāni) - ornaments (on the elephants) (ornaments, decorations)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhūṣaṇa

bhūṣaṇa - ornament, decoration, embellishment

From root √bhūṣ (to adorn).

Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Another implied subject for 'prasphuṭuḥ', referring to the ornaments on the elephants.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.