महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-17, verse-17

तथार्धचन्द्रेण शिरस्तस्य चिच्छेद पाण्डवः ।
स पपात हतो म्लेच्छस्तेनैव सह दन्तिना ॥१७॥

17. tathārdhacandreṇa śirastasya ciccheda pāṇḍavaḥ ,
sa papāta hato mlecchastenaiva saha dantinā.

17. tathā ardha-candreṇa śiraḥ tasya ciccheda pāṇḍavaḥ
saḥ papāta hataḥ mlecchaḥ tena eva saha dantinā

17. pāṇḍavaḥ tathā ardha-candreṇa tasya śiraḥ ciccheda
saḥ mlecchaḥ hataḥ tena dantinā eva saha papāta

17. Thus, the son of Pāṇḍu cut off his head with a crescent-shaped arrow. That mleccha, having been killed, fell down along with that elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, in that way

• अर्ध-चन्द्रेण (ardha-candreṇa) - by a crescent-shaped arrow (by a half-moon, by a crescent)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he cut off

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - a descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• पपात (papāta) - he fell, he fell down

• हतः (hataḥ) - having been killed (killed, struck, smitten)

• म्लेच्छः (mlecchaḥ) - foreigner, barbarian, a non-Aryan

• तेन (tena) - with that (specific) (by that, with that)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• दन्तिना (dantinā) - by an elephant, with an elephant

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, in that way

(indeclinable)

अर्ध-चन्द्रेण (ardha-candreṇa) - by a crescent-shaped arrow (by a half-moon, by a crescent)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ardha-candra

ardha-candra - half-moon, crescent

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+candra)

• ardha – half
  adjective
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
  Root: cand (class 1)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Note: Can also be nominative, but context suggests accusative.

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he cut off

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of chid

Reduplicated perfect active of √chid

Root: chid (class 7)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - a descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Derived from Pāṇḍu with suffix -a denoting lineage.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पपात (papāta) - he fell, he fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Reduplicated perfect active of √pat

Root: pat (class 1)

हतः (hataḥ) - having been killed (killed, struck, smitten)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, smitten

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with mlecchaḥ.

म्लेच्छः (mlecchaḥ) - foreigner, barbarian, a non-Aryan

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mleccha

mleccha - foreigner, barbarian, non-Aryan

तेन (tena) - with that (specific) (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with dantinā.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

Used with instrumental case.

दन्तिना (dantinā) - by an elephant, with an elephant

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dantin

dantin - having teeth/tusks, elephant

Possessive suffix -in from danta (tooth)