महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-73

नाशं विनाशमैश्वर्यं सुखदुःखे भवाभवौ ।
विद्वान्प्राप्यैवमत्यर्थं न प्रहृष्येन्न च व्यथेत् ॥७३॥

73. nāśaṁ vināśamaiśvaryaṁ sukhaduḥkhe bhavābhavau ,
vidvānprāpyaivamatyarthaṁ na prahṛṣyenna ca vyathet.

73. nāśam vināśam aiśvaryam sukhaduḥkhe bhavābhavau vidvān
prāpya evam atyartham na prahr̥ṣyet na ca vyathet

73. vidvān evam atyartham nāśam vināśam aiśvaryam sukhaduḥkhe
bhavābhavau prāpya na prahr̥ṣyet ca na vyathet

73. The wise person, having attained these extreme states—destruction, annihilation, prosperity, joy and sorrow, existence and non-existence—should neither excessively rejoice nor feel distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction, ruin, loss

• विनाशम् (vināśam) - annihilation, complete destruction

• ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - sovereignty, dominion, prosperity, power

• सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - pleasures and pains, joy and sorrow

• भवाभवौ (bhavābhavau) - existence and non-existence, coming into being and ceasing to be

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise, learned, knowing; a wise person

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - exceedingly, greatly, too much

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रह्र्̥ष्येत् (prahr̥ṣyet) - should rejoice, should be delighted

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• व्यथेत् (vyathet) - should be distressed, should suffer

Words meanings and morphology

नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction, ruin, loss

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāśa

nāśa - destruction, ruin, loss, disappearance

From √naś (to perish) + ghañ (action noun)

Root: naś (class 4)

विनाशम् (vināśam) - annihilation, complete destruction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - annihilation, complete destruction, ruin

From vi-√naś (to perish) + ghañ (action noun)

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - sovereignty, dominion, prosperity, power

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aiśvarya

aiśvarya - sovereignty, supremacy, dominion, prosperity, wealth, power

From īśvara + ṣyañ (taddhita suffix 'related to')

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - pleasures and pains, joy and sorrow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - pleasure and pain, joy and sorrow, happiness and misery

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – pleasure, joy, happiness, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)

भवाभवौ (bhavābhavau) - existence and non-existence, coming into being and ceasing to be

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhavābhava

bhavābhava - existence and non-existence, production and destruction

Compound type : dvandva (bhava+abhava)

• bhava – being, existence, birth, becoming
  noun (masculine)
  From √bhū (to be) + ap (action noun)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhava – non-existence, non-being, absence, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Negative of bhava (a + bhava)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise, learned, knowing; a wise person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, learned, wise; a wise man, a scholar

Present Active Participle

From √vid (to know) + śatṛ suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √āp (to obtain) with prefix pra- + lyap suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - exceedingly, greatly, too much

(indeclinable)

From ati (beyond) + artha (purpose, meaning)

Note: Adverbial usage

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रह्र्̥ष्येत् (prahr̥ṣyet) - should rejoice, should be delighted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √hr̥ṣ

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

From √hr̥ṣ (4th class, P. hr̥ṣyati) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: hr̥ṣ (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

व्यथेत् (vyathet) - should be distressed, should suffer

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √vyath

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

From √vyath (1st class, Ā. vyathate or P. vyathati)

Root: vyath (class 1)