महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-18

बद्धश्च वारुणैः पाशैर्वज्रेण च समाहतः ।
हृतदारो हृतधनो ब्रूहि कस्मान्न शोचसि ॥१८॥

18. baddhaśca vāruṇaiḥ pāśairvajreṇa ca samāhataḥ ,
hṛtadāro hṛtadhano brūhi kasmānna śocasi.

18. baddhaḥ ca vāruṇaiḥ pāśaiḥ vajreṇa ca samāhataḥ
hṛtadāraḥ hṛtadhanaḥ brūhi kasmāt na śocasi

18. vāruṇaiḥ pāśaiḥ baddhaḥ ca vajreṇa ca samāhataḥ hṛtadāraḥ hṛtadhanaḥ kasmāt na śocasi,
brūhi.

18. Bound by Varuna's nooses, struck by the thunderbolt, your wife abducted, your wealth seized – tell me, why do you not grieve?

Words meanings summery:

• बद्धः (baddhaḥ) - bound (bound, tied, restrained, captive)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• वारुणैः (vāruṇaiḥ) - by Varuna's (by those relating to Varuna, by Varuna's)

• पाशैः (pāśaiḥ) - by nooses (by nooses, by ropes, by snares)

• वज्रेण (vajreṇa) - by the thunderbolt (by the thunderbolt, by a diamond)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• समाहतः (samāhataḥ) - struck down (struck down, hit, assailed, killed)

• हृतदारः (hṛtadāraḥ) - one whose wife has been abducted (one whose wife has been taken away/abducted)

• हृतधनः (hṛtadhanaḥ) - one whose wealth has been seized (one whose wealth has been taken away/stolen)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak, say)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why, for what reason)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve (you grieve, you lament)

Words meanings and morphology

बद्धः (baddhaḥ) - bound (bound, tied, restrained, captive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of baddha

baddha - bound, tied, restrained, captive

Past Passive Participle

From root bandh (to bind, tie) + ta (suffix for PPP)

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'you'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

वारुणैः (vāruṇaiḥ) - by Varuna's (by those relating to Varuna, by Varuna's)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vāruṇa

vāruṇa - relating to Varuna, belonging to Varuna

Derived from Varuṇa (proper noun) + aṇ (suffix)

पाशैः (pāśaiḥ) - by nooses (by nooses, by ropes, by snares)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāśa

pāśa - noose, cord, tie, snare

Root: paś

Note: Indicates the means of binding.

वज्रेण (vajreṇa) - by the thunderbolt (by the thunderbolt, by a diamond)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vajra

vajra - thunderbolt (weapon of Indra), diamond, hard, mighty

From root vaj (to be strong, swift)

Root: vaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means of striking.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

समाहतः (samāhataḥ) - struck down (struck down, hit, assailed, killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāhata

samāhata - struck, hit, assailed, killed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam-ā (towards, together) + root han (to strike, kill) + ta (PPP suffix)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'you'.

हृतदारः (hṛtadāraḥ) - one whose wife has been abducted (one whose wife has been taken away/abducted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛtadāra

hṛtadāra - one whose wife has been taken away/abducted

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (hṛta+dāra)

• hṛta – taken, seized, stolen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hṛ (to take, carry) + ta
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'you'.

हृतधनः (hṛtadhanaḥ) - one whose wealth has been seized (one whose wealth has been taken away/stolen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛtadhana

hṛtadhana - one whose wealth has been taken away/stolen

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (hṛta+dhana)

• hṛta – taken, seized, stolen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hṛ (to take, carry) + ta
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhan

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'you'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Active

From root brū (to speak), 2nd person singular imperative. Root 'vac' also used in paradigms.

Root: brū/vac (class 2)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why, for what reason)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Functions adverbially as 'why'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `śocasi`.

शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve (you grieve, you lament)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śoc

Present Active Indicative

From root śuc (to grieve, lament)

Root: śuc (class 1)