महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
मग्नस्य व्यसने कृच्छ्रे किं श्रेयः पुरुषस्य हि ।
बन्धुनाशे महीपाल राज्यनाशेऽपि वा पुनः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
magnasya vyasane kṛcchre kiṁ śreyaḥ puruṣasya hi ,
bandhunāśe mahīpāla rājyanāśe'pi vā punaḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca magnasya vyasane kṛcchre kim śreyaḥ
puruṣasya hi bandhunāśe mahīpāla rājyanāśe api vā punaḥ

1. mahīpāla kṛcchre vyasane magnasya bandhunāśe vā rājyanāśe
api punaḥ puruṣasya hi kim śreyaḥ yudhiṣṭhira uvāca

1. Yudhishthira said: "O King, what is truly beneficial for a person plunged into dire misfortune, whether it be the loss of relatives or even the loss of his kingdom?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - The eldest of the Pandavas (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (Yudhishthira said) (said, spoke)

• मग्नस्य (magnasya) - of one immersed, of one plunged

• व्यसने (vyasane) - in calamity, in misfortune, in distress

• कृच्छ्रे (kṛcchre) - difficult, severe, dire

• किम् (kim) - what?

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - what is beneficial (beneficial, good, better, welfare)

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person, of a human being

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• बन्धुनाशे (bandhunāśe) - in the destruction/loss of relatives

• महीपाल (mahīpāla) - Address to Bhishma (O King, O protector of the earth)

• राज्यनाशे (rājyanāśe) - in the loss of kingdom

• अपि (api) - even, also

• वा (vā) - or

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - The eldest of the Pandavas (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhishthira

From yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative of yudh (fight)
  Root: yudh (class 1)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (Yudhishthira said) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मग्नस्य (magnasya) - of one immersed, of one plunged

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of magna

magna - immersed, plunged, sunk

Past Passive Participle

From root majj (to sink) + kta suffix

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies puruṣasya.

व्यसने (vyasane) - in calamity, in misfortune, in distress

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, distress, addiction

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

कृच्छ्रे (kṛcchre) - difficult, severe, dire

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, hard, severe, painful

Note: Qualifies vyasane.

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - what is beneficial (beneficial, good, better, welfare)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - good, better, best, welfare, prosperity, virtue

Comparative form of śrī (prosperity, excellence)

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person, of a human being

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, male, human being, the Self (puruṣa)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

बन्धुनाशे (bandhunāśe) - in the destruction/loss of relatives

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bandhunāśa

bandhunāśa - destruction of relatives, loss of kinsmen

Compound type : tatpurusha (bandhu+nāśa)

• bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
  noun (masculine)
• nāśa – destruction, loss, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From root naś (to perish)
  Root: naś (class 4)

महीपाल (mahīpāla) - Address to Bhishma (O King, O protector of the earth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, protector of the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

राज्यनाशे (rājyanāśe) - in the loss of kingdom

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rājyanāśa

rājyanāśa - destruction/loss of kingdom

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājya+nāśa)

• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)
  From rājan (king) + ya suffix
• nāśa – destruction, loss, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From root naś (to perish)
  Root: naś (class 4)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further

(indeclinable)