महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-13

दृष्ट्वा तमविकारस्थं तिष्ठन्तं निर्भयं बलिम् ।
अधिरूढो द्विपश्रेष्ठमित्युवाच शतक्रतुः ॥१३॥

13. dṛṣṭvā tamavikārasthaṁ tiṣṭhantaṁ nirbhayaṁ balim ,
adhirūḍho dvipaśreṣṭhamityuvāca śatakratuḥ.

13. dṛṣṭvā tam avikārastham tiṣṭhantam nirbhayam balim
adhirūḍhaḥ dvipaśreṣṭham iti uvāca śatakratuḥ

13. Having seen Bali, who was fearless and remained in an unchanging state, mounted on the best of elephants, Indra (Śatakratuḥ) spoke thus.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine accusative singular)

• अविकारस्थम् (avikārastham) - abiding in an unchanging state, unwavering

• तिष्ठन्तम् (tiṣṭhantam) - standing, remaining, existing (masculine accusative singular)

• निर्भयम् (nirbhayam) - fearless, without fear

• बलिम् (balim) - King Bali (Bali (proper noun, masculine accusative singular))

• अधिरूढः (adhirūḍhaḥ) - mounted, ascended, seated upon

• द्विपश्रेष्ठम् (dvipaśreṣṭham) - the best of elephants

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• शतक्रतुः (śatakratuḥ) - Indra (lit. 'he of a hundred Vedic rituals')

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root √dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अविकारस्थम् (avikārastham) - abiding in an unchanging state, unwavering

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avikārastha

avikārastha - abiding in an unchanging state, unwavering, motionless

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+vikāra+stha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vikāra – change, alteration, transformation, modification
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √kṛ (to do) with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

तिष्ठन्तम् (tiṣṭhantam) - standing, remaining, existing (masculine accusative singular)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, remaining, existing

present active participle

Derived from root √sthā (to stand, remain)

Root: sthā (class 1)

निर्भयम् (nirbhayam) - fearless, without fear

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nirbhaya

nirbhaya - fearless, without fear

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+bhaya)

• nis – out, forth, away, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or absence
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

बलिम् (balim) - King Bali (Bali (proper noun, masculine accusative singular))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bali

bali - Bali (a demon king); offering, tribute

अधिरूढः (adhirūḍhaḥ) - mounted, ascended, seated upon

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhirūḍha

adhirūḍha - mounted, ascended, seated upon, risen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ruh (to grow, ascend) with prefix adhi-

Prefix: adhi

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Śatakratuḥ (Indra)

द्विपश्रेष्ठम् (dvipaśreṣṭham) - the best of elephants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvipaśreṣṭha

dvipaśreṣṭha - the best of elephants

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvipa+śreṣṭha)

• dvipa – elephant (lit. 'twice-drinking')
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Refers to the elephant Bali is mounted on

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, active voice, third person, singular

Root √vac, class 2, perfect tense (lit), active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

शतक्रतुः (śatakratuḥ) - Indra (lit. 'he of a hundred Vedic rituals')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatakratu

śatakratu - Indra (epithet, lit. 'he of a hundred Vedic rituals (kratu)')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+kratu)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• kratu – Vedic ritual, sacrifice, power, intellect
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)