महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-21

निगृहीते मयि भृशं शक्र किं कत्थितेन ते ।
वज्रमुद्यम्य तिष्ठन्तं पश्यामि त्वां पुरंदर ॥२१॥

21. nigṛhīte mayi bhṛśaṁ śakra kiṁ katthitena te ,
vajramudyamya tiṣṭhantaṁ paśyāmi tvāṁ puraṁdara.

21. nigṛhīte mayi bhṛśam śakra kim kātthitena te
vajram udyamya tiṣṭhantam paśyāmi tvām purandara

21. śakra purandara mayi bhṛśam nigṛhīte te kātthitena
kim vajram udyamya tiṣṭhantam tvām paśyāmi

21. O Śakra, O Purandara, what is the point of your boasting while I am firmly captured by you? I see you standing there, having raised your thunderbolt.

Words meanings summery:

• निगृहीते (nigṛhīte) - while I am seized (when seized, when captured, being restrained)

• मयि (mayi) - while I am (part of locative absolute) (in me, on me, regarding me, while I am)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - firmly (greatly, exceedingly, firmly, intensely)

• शक्र (śakra) - O Śakra, O Indra

• किम् (kim) - what is the point/use (what, why, what is the use of)

• कात्थितेन (kātthitena) - by boasting (by boasting, by prideful talk)

• ते (te) - by you (by you, your, to you)

• वज्रम् (vajram) - thunderbolt (thunderbolt, diamond)

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised (having raised, having lifted, having brandished)

• तिष्ठन्तम् (tiṣṭhantam) - standing (standing, remaining, being)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see (I see, I behold, I perceive)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• पुरन्दर (purandara) - O Purandara, O destroyer of cities

Words meanings and morphology

निगृहीते (nigṛhīte) - while I am seized (when seized, when captured, being restrained)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nigṛhīta

nigṛhīta - seized, captured, restrained, controlled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root GṚH (to seize, take) with prefix NI (down, in, completely).

Prefix: ni

Root: gṛh (class 9)

Note: Functions as part of a locative absolute construction: 'while I am seized'.

मयि (mayi) - while I am (part of locative absolute) (in me, on me, regarding me, while I am)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mad

mad - I, me

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - firmly (greatly, exceedingly, firmly, intensely)

(indeclinable)

Often functions as an adverb.

Note: Adverbial usage.

शक्र (śakra) - O Śakra, O Indra

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Śakra (name of Indra), powerful, strong

Root: śak (class 5)

किम् (kim) - what is the point/use (what, why, what is the use of)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, whether

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

Note: Often used with instrumental to mean 'what is the use of...?'

कात्थितेन (kātthitena) - by boasting (by boasting, by prideful talk)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kātthita

kātthita - boasted, praised, talked highly of; boasting, prideful talk

Past Passive Participle (sometimes nominalized)

From root Katth (to boast). Here used as a nominalized participle.

Root: katth (class 1)

Note: Agreement with 'kim' as 'what by means of boasting'.

ते (te) - by you (by you, your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Enclitic form of the second person pronoun.

Note: Genitive or dative. Can imply agency with verbal nouns, so 'your boasting' or 'boasting by you'.

वज्रम् (vajram) - thunderbolt (thunderbolt, diamond)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vajra

vajra - thunderbolt, diamond, weapon of Indra

Root: vaj

Note: Object of 'udyamya' (having raised).

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised (having raised, having lifted, having brandished)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix UD (up) + root YAM (to hold, restrain) + suffix -YA (for absolutive with prefixes).

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

तिष्ठन्तम् (tiṣṭhantam) - standing (standing, remaining, being)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, remaining, being

Present Active Participle

Derived from root STHĀ (to stand) with reduplication and present stem.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tvām'.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see (I see, I behold, I perceive)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of paś

Present indicative, 1st person singular.

Formed from root DṚŚ (to see), but uses 'paśya' as the present stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Second person pronoun.

Note: Object of 'paśyāmi'.

पुरन्दर (purandara) - O Purandara, O destroyer of cities

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of purandara

purandara - destroyer of cities (an epithet of Indra)

Compound: pura (city) + dara (destroying/splitting).

Compound type : upapada (pura+dara)

• pura – city, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• dara – splitting, destroying; one who splits/destroys
  adjective (masculine)
  From root DṚ (to tear, split, burst).
  Root: dṛ (class 1)