महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-28

सुखदुःखे हि पुरुषः पर्यायेणाधिगच्छति ।
पर्यायेणासि शक्रत्वं प्राप्तः शक्र न कर्मणा ॥२८॥

28. sukhaduḥkhe hi puruṣaḥ paryāyeṇādhigacchati ,
paryāyeṇāsi śakratvaṁ prāptaḥ śakra na karmaṇā.

28. sukhaduḥkhe hi puruṣaḥ paryāyeṇa adhigacchati
paryāyeṇa asi śakratvam prāptaḥ śakra na karmaṇā

28. hi puruṣaḥ sukhaduḥkhe paryāyeṇa adhigacchati śakra
tvam paryāyeṇa śakratvam prāptaḥ asi karmaṇā na

28. Indeed, a person (puruṣa) experiences happiness and sorrow in alternation. O Śakra, you have attained the state of Śakra by alternation, not by your own action (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a human being, individual person (man, person, human being, spirit, soul)

• पर्यायेण (paryāyeṇa) - by alternation, in turns, in succession

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains, obtains, reaches, understands

• पर्यायेण (paryāyeṇa) - by alternation, in turns, in succession

• असि (asi) - you are

• शक्रत्वम् (śakratvam) - the position or kingship of Indra (the state, power, or dominion of Śakra (Indra))

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained, obtained, reached, gained

• शक्र (śakra) - O Śakra (name of Indra)

• न (na) - not, no

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by one's personal efforts or deeds, in contrast to fate/alternation (by action, by deed, by (karma))

Words meanings and morphology

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

(compound noun)

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, unease
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'adhigacchati'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

(indeclinable)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a human being, individual person (man, person, human being, spirit, soul)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, soul (puruṣa)

पर्यायेण (paryāyeṇa) - by alternation, in turns, in succession

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paryāya

paryāya - turn, order, alternation, succession

From pari- (around) + i- (to go).

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains, obtains, reaches, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhigam

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

पर्यायेण (paryāyeṇa) - by alternation, in turns, in succession

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paryāya

paryāya - turn, order, alternation, succession

From pari- (around) + i- (to go).

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

शक्रत्वम् (śakratvam) - the position or kingship of Indra (the state, power, or dominion of Śakra (Indra))

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śakra+tva)

• śakra – Śakra, Indra (name of a deity), powerful
  proper noun (masculine)
• tva – suffix for abstract nouns, -ness, -hood
  suffix (neuter)

Note: Object of 'prāptaḥ asi'.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained, obtained, reached, gained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - attained, obtained, reached, gained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra- (prefix) + āp- (to obtain, reach).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with implied 'tvam'.

शक्र (śakra) - O Śakra (name of Indra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Śakra, Indra (name of a deity), powerful

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by one's personal efforts or deeds, in contrast to fate/alternation (by action, by deed, by (karma))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of action (karma)

From root kṛ- (to do, make) with suffix -man.

Root: kṛ (class 8)