महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-12

तमैरावतमूर्धस्थं प्रेक्ष्य देवगणैर्वृतम् ।
सुरेन्द्रमिन्द्रं दैत्येन्द्रो न शुशोच न विव्यथे ॥१२॥

12. tamairāvatamūrdhasthaṁ prekṣya devagaṇairvṛtam ,
surendramindraṁ daityendro na śuśoca na vivyathe.

12. tam airāvatamūrdhastham prekṣya devagaṇaiḥ vṛtam
surendram indram daityendraḥ na śuśoca na vivyathe

12. daityendraḥ tam airāvatamūrdhastham devagaṇaiḥ
vṛtam surendram indram prekṣya na śuśoca na vivyathe

12. Having seen him, Indra, the chief of gods, standing on Airāvata's head and surrounded by hosts of gods, the lord of Daityas (Bali) neither grieved nor was distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• ऐरावतमूर्धस्थम् (airāvatamūrdhastham) - standing on Airāvata's head

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, perceiving

• देवगणैः (devagaṇaiḥ) - by hosts of gods, by groups of deities

• वृतम् (vṛtam) - surrounded, encompassed

• सुरेन्द्रम् (surendram) - the chief of gods, Indra

• इन्द्रम् (indram) - Indra

• दैत्येन्द्रः (daityendraḥ) - Bali, the lord of Daityas (the lord of Daityas (Bali))

• न (na) - not

• शुशोच (śuśoca) - he grieved, lamented

• न (na) - nor, not

• विव्यथे (vivyathe) - he was distressed, troubled

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - That, he, she, it.

ऐरावतमूर्धस्थम् (airāvatamūrdhastham) - standing on Airāvata's head

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of airāvatamūrdhastha

airāvatamūrdhastha - Standing on the head of Airāvata.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (airāvata+mūrdhan+stha)

• airāvata – Name of Indra's elephant.
  proper noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – Head, top, summit.
  noun (masculine)
• stha – Standing, situated, being in.
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

देवगणैः (devagaṇaiḥ) - by hosts of gods, by groups of deities

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of devagaṇa

devagaṇa - Host of gods, group of deities.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+gaṇa)

• deva – God, deity.
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – Host, group, multitude.
  noun (masculine)

वृतम् (vṛtam) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - Surrounded, encompassed, covered, chosen.

Past Passive Participle

Root: vṛ (class 5)

सुरेन्द्रम् (surendram) - the chief of gods, Indra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of surendra

surendra - Lord of gods, chief of deities (an epithet of Indra).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+indra)

• sura – God, deity.
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Chief, lord, best.
  noun (masculine)

इन्द्रम् (indram) - Indra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Name of the king of gods, chief deity of the heavens.

दैत्येन्द्रः (daityendraḥ) - Bali, the lord of Daityas (the lord of Daityas (Bali))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daityendra

daityendra - Lord of the Daityas (a class of demons); an epithet of Bali.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daitya+indra)

• daitya – Descendant of Diti, a demon.
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Chief, lord, best.
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शुशोच (śuśoca) - he grieved, lamented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śuc

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: śuc (class 1)

न (na) - nor, not

(indeclinable)

विव्यथे (vivyathe) - he was distressed, troubled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of vyath

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vyath (class 1)