महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-37

कथमस्मद्विधो नाम जानँल्लोकप्रवृत्तयः ।
कालेनाभ्याहतः शोचेन्मुह्येद्वाप्यर्थसंभ्रमे ॥३७॥

37. kathamasmadvidho nāma jānaँllokapravṛttayaḥ ,
kālenābhyāhataḥ śocenmuhyedvāpyarthasaṁbhrame.

37. katham asmadvidhaḥ nāma jānan lokapravṛttayaḥ kālena
abhyāhataḥ śocet muhyet vā api arthasaṃbhrame

37. jānan lokapravṛttayaḥ kālena abhyāhataḥ asmadvidhaḥ
nāma katham arthasaṃbhrame vā api śocet muhyet

37. How can someone like me, who truly understands the ways of the world (lokapravṛtti), grieve or be bewildered even amidst the confusion of material affairs (artha) when assailed by the passage of time?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (can one...) (how, why, in what way)

• अस्मद्विधः (asmadvidhaḥ) - one like me (referring to the speaker) (one like us, one of our kind)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, truly (emphasizing the statement) (indeed, by name, truly)

• जानन् (jānan) - who knows, understanding (knowing, aware)

• लोकप्रवृत्तयः (lokapravṛttayaḥ) - the ways of the world (lokapravṛtti) (the ways of the world, worldly affairs, behavior of people)

• कालेन (kālena) - by time (by time, with time)

• अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - struck, assailed (struck, assailed, afflicted)

• शोचेत् (śocet) - should grieve (should grieve, would grieve)

• मुह्येत् (muhyet) - should be bewildered (should be bewildered, should be deluded)

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• अर्थसंभ्रमे (arthasaṁbhrame) - amidst the confusion of material affairs (artha) (in the confusion of affairs/wealth)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (can one...) (how, why, in what way)

(indeclinable)

अस्मद्विधः (asmadvidhaḥ) - one like me (referring to the speaker) (one like us, one of our kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asmadvidha

asmadvidha - like us, of our kind

Compound of asmad and vidha

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (asmad+vidha)

• asmad – we, us
  pronoun
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying an implied noun (e.g., puruṣaḥ), functioning as a noun in this context.

नाम (nāma) - indeed, truly (emphasizing the statement) (indeed, by name, truly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Can also mean 'name' as a noun, but here functions as an emphatic particle.

जानन् (jānan) - who knows, understanding (knowing, aware)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñā

jñā - to know, to understand, to perceive

Present Active Participle

From root jñā (9th class) + śatṛP affix

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (asmadvidhaḥ).

लोकप्रवृत्तयः (lokapravṛttayaḥ) - the ways of the world (lokapravṛtti) (the ways of the world, worldly affairs, behavior of people)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of lokapravṛtti

lokapravṛtti - the ways/tendencies of the world, worldly activity

Compound of loka and pravṛtti

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+pravṛtti)

• loka – world, people, universe
  noun (masculine)
• pravṛtti – activity, course, tendency, disposition
  noun (feminine)
  From pra-vṛt
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of jānan.

कालेन (kālena) - by time (by time, with time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, destiny, death

Note: Agent of abhyāhataḥ.

अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - struck, assailed (struck, assailed, afflicted)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyāhata

abhyāhata - struck, assailed, smitten, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From abhi-ā-han

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (asmadvidhaḥ).

शोचेत् (śocet) - should grieve (should grieve, would grieve)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of śuc

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root śuc (1st class) + vidhiliṅ (optative) affix

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Null subject (implied asmadvidhaḥ).

मुह्येत् (muhyet) - should be bewildered (should be bewildered, should be deluded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of muh

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root muh (4th class) + vidhiliṅ (optative) affix

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Null subject (implied asmadvidhaḥ).

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अर्थसंभ्रमे (arthasaṁbhrame) - amidst the confusion of material affairs (artha) (in the confusion of affairs/wealth)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of arthasaṃbhrama

arthasaṁbhrama - confusion/turmoil concerning wealth/objects/aims

Compound of artha and saṃbhrama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+saṃbhrama)

• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, material possession, affair
  noun (masculine)
• saṃbhrama – confusion, agitation, bustle, reverence
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-bhram
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhram (class 1)