महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-33

पर्यायैर्हन्यमानानां परित्राता न विद्यते ।
इदं तु दुःखं यच्छक्र कर्ताहमिति मन्यते ॥३३॥

33. paryāyairhanyamānānāṁ paritrātā na vidyate ,
idaṁ tu duḥkhaṁ yacchakra kartāhamiti manyate.

33. paryāyaiḥ hanyamānānām paritrātā na vidyate idam
tu duḥkham yat śakra kartā aham iti manyate

33. hanyamānānām paryāyaiḥ paritrātā na vidyate tu
idam duḥkham yat śakra aham kartā iti manyate

33. For those who are repeatedly struck down, no protector is found. But this, O Śakra, is truly the sorrow: that one believes, 'I am the doer (kartā).'

Words meanings summery:

• पर्यायैः (paryāyaiḥ) - by turns, successively, by repetition, by cycles

• हन्यमानानाम् (hanyamānānām) - of those being struck down, of those being killed, of those being injured

• परित्राता (paritrātā) - a protector, a savior

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is present

• इदम् (idam) - this

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction)

• शक्र (śakra) - O Śakra, O Indra

• कर्ता (kartā) - doer, agent, creator

• अहम् (aham) - I

• इति (iti) - thus, so, this is what is called

• मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, believes, considers

Words meanings and morphology

पर्यायैः (paryāyaiḥ) - by turns, successively, by repetition, by cycles

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paryāya

paryāya - turn, succession, cycle, method, manner

Derived from prefix pari (around) and root i (to go)

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)

हन्यमानानाम् (hanyamānānām) - of those being struck down, of those being killed, of those being injured

(participle (adjective))

Note: Used substantively, referring to 'beings' or 'people'.

परित्राता (paritrātā) - a protector, a savior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paritrātṛ

paritrātṛ - protector, rescuer, savior

Agent noun

Agent noun from root trā (to protect) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: trā (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is present

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative, Middle Voice

From root vid (to be, exist), 4th class, middle voice, present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vid (class 4)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Demonstrative pronoun

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating opposition or emphasis

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, misery, suffering, unhappiness

Note: Predicate nominative for 'idam'.

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction introducing a clause explaining 'this sorrow'

शक्र (śakra) - O Śakra, O Indra

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - mighty, powerful; a name of Indra

Derived from root śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

कर्ता (kartā) - doer, agent, creator

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, agent, creator, author

Agent noun

From root kṛ (to do, make) with agent suffix tṛc

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative to 'aham' (I am the doer).

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

First person singular pronoun

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'am'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, this is what is called

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark a quotation or thought

मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, believes, considers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Indicative, Middle Voice

From root man (to think), 4th class, middle voice, present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: man (class 4)